2022高考英语情态动词与虚拟语气备考纠错讲解（素材）

2022高考英语情态动词与虚拟语气备考纠错笔记 纠错一　情态动词基本用法的误用 (1)【误】I won't thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 【正】I can't thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. [分析]　固定句型can't/couldn't ... too ... 意为“再……都不为过”。 (2)—Need I tell him everything that has happened to his father? 【误】—Yes, you need. 【正】—Yes, you must. [分析]　must意为“必须”，强调责任或义务。 (3)—Must I work out the problem tonight? 【误】—No, you mustn't. 【正】—No, you needn't. [分析]　needn't意为“不必”，而mustn't表示禁止，意为“不得，一定不要，不允许”。 纠错二　情态动词表示“推测”语气的误用 【误】I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She must have been ill, I guess. 【正】I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess. [分析]　考查情态动词表示推测语气的运用。根据“I guess”可知，这是一种不太有把握的推测，而且又是肯定句，因此must改为might。must表示推测意义时，语气较强，较肯定；can/could表示推测多用于否定或疑问句中。 [注意]　造成以上错误主要是因为对情态动词的基本用法和含义掌握不够准确，应加强对其学习，并要格外留意特殊的情态动词的用法，还要注意避免中式思维。 纠错三�———�情态动词＋have done”表示“虚拟”语气的误用 【误】The plant is dead. Maybe I should give it more water. 【正】The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given it more water. [分析]　根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责，故用should have done表示“本应该做……而未做”。 纠错四　虚拟语气的误用 (1)【误】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I have time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 【正】Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. [分析]　分析语境可知，从句是对现在情况的假设，应用虚拟语气，故谓语动词用过去式。 (2)【误】I'd rather I have a room of my own, however small it is. 【正】I'd rather I had a room of my own, however small it is. [分析]　would rather后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此句是对现在情况的假设，故谓语动词用过去式。 (3)【误】It's time (that) they go home. 【正】It's time (that) they went home. 【正】It's time (that) they should go home. [分析]　在It's time ... 句型中，that从句谓语动词应用过去式或用“should＋动词原形”(其中should不能省略)表虚拟。 (4)【误】Without your help, we didn't make so much progress. 【正】Without your help, we wouldn't have made so much progress. [分析]　此为含蓄条件句，根据题意可知，表达的是对“过去”的虚拟，因此主句谓语动词应用wouldn't have done的形式。 (5)【误】If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he would have watched TV now. 【正】If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he would watch TV now. [分析]　此为错综时间条件句，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在情况的假设，需区别对待。 [注意]　造成以上错误的原因在于对虚拟语气理解不透彻，要学好虚拟语气除要牢固把握if引导的非真实条件句中的虚拟语气外，还要掌握虚拟语气的特殊情况。应加强对考点的学习，此外建议每种情况挑选一个例句去加以背诵，这样在碰到问题时便会迎刃而解。 二．真题演 ... ...