(课件网) Revision of The passive Infinitive 不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。 语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / 完成进行式 to have been doing / 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。 一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法 1．作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2．作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。 ． 3．构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that. 4．构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 5．作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office 6．作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work. 二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如： It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语） She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)） He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语） The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语） She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语） 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 1．在there be结构中。 例如： There is a lot of homework to do． (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 2．在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。 例如： He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with． 3.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。如： The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)． The house is big enough to live in. 4．在“with+n+to do”结构中。 例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema． 5．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如： I have a letter to type today． (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say (you是to say的逻辑主语) 6．当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中 时。 例如： This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house． 7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent， hire，blame等。 例如： The house is to let． I felt l was to blame. NOTICE 动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time. 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it re ... ...
