第9讲 情态动词 1．情态动词的基本含义 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能,应该,必要”等. ① 情态动词不能单独作谓语,后加动词原形； ② 情态动词没有人称和数的变化； ③ 情态动词的否定式一般是在后面加not. 2．回顾情态动词有哪些？ can/could may/might shall/should/ought to will/would must/have to need dare (to) used to had better would rather 三．情态动词的基本用法 1. can/could ■ 表示能力：能,能够,会 He could swim when he was five. Can you drive a car —Yes, I can. /No, I can't. ■ 表示请求：可以 Can I go swimming today, please, mum Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station 注意：could不是过去式,只是语气较can更委婉,注意在回答中不可用could.如： —Could I have the television on —Yes, you can. / No, you can't. ■ 表示推测：“有时候会....”,“有可能...” can用于客观推测. The climate in the south can be pretty cold in winter. could用于主观性推测.I think he could be our monitor. ■ 与疑问词how连用便是惊讶. How can it be true 2. may/might ■ 表示允许,许可,译为“可以”. —May/Might I go now —Yes, you may/can. —No, you mustn't/can't. —You'd better not. ■ 表示祝愿 May you succeed! ■ 表示推测：可能 It may/might rain this afternoon. She may still be waiting for us. 3. shall/should/ought to shall ■ 表示意志时,shall 一般表示征求听话人的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、三人称的疑问句中 Shall he ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.html ) be brought here 把他带到这儿来吗？ ■ shall说话者的意图,表示承若,命令、警告（用于法令、条约、规章中）； You shall ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.html )follow him only. 你只跟着他.（命令） He shall get his lost car in a few days. 再过几天他就可得到他失去的车了.（允若） should ■ should表示建议,义务或责任 ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.html )：应该 We should learn from each other. You should give up smoking. ■ should 表示推断 ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.html )：应该、可能；(有一定的事实依据或合乎常理的暗示) With an early start he should be here by noon. 动身得早,他中午就该到这里了. It is nearly time for class to begin. The teacher should be here soon. ■ 表示“万一” If it should rain tomorrow, the football match would be canceled. ■ should表示意外或惊讶 ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.html ) It's strange/natural/necessary/important that he (should) come so late. I'm surprised that he should say so. . 有时与why, who, how 等疑问词连用表惊讶： Why should you think that way 你为什么会那样想？ How should I know 我怎么会知道？ Who should come in but my old friend Betty！我当是谁进来时,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀！ should与ought to的比较 ■ should 强调主观看法 ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.html ),而 ought to 强调客观要求 ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.html ), ought to的语气稍重.如： We ought to go and see my mother in hospital tomorrow, but I don't think we will. ■ 在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should.如： You shouldn't run alongside the swimming pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑. ■ 注意ought to的否定式与疑问式 ( http: / / www. / Article / mod / Index.ht ... ...
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