（2019外研版）选修一unit 5 Revealing nature 讲义

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Module Five 过去完成时及难点分析 ●过去完成时· 过去完成时的构成 肯定句:主语 +had +done... 否定句:主语 +had not + done...一般疑问句:Had+主语+done... 特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+主语 +done... He had already known the contents of the document before I told him. 在我告诉他之前，他早已知道了文件的内容。 We hadn't learned 2,000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期末，我们还没有学到2000 个单词。 Had Jane left before I arrived 我到达之前简就离开了吗 What had you done before I arrived here 我来这儿之前,你们做了什么 过去完成时的用法 >(1)表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”,常与 by,before 等引导的时间状语连用。 When the explorer hurried to the destination ,the others had already left. 当这名探险家匆忙赶到目的地的时候,其他人已经离开了。 .The captain had checked all the equipment before the ship set sail. 在轮船起航前，船长已经检查了所有的设备。 ·They had constructed a new bridge in the valley by the end of last month. 到上个月末,他们已经在山谷里修建了一座新桥。 >(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作，常与 for,since 引导的时间状语连用。 He told us that he had done the scientific research for five years. 他告诉我们他做科研工作已经5年了。 He said he had made great progress since he came here 他说自从他来这里之后已经取得了很大的进步。 >(3)表示过去未实现的计划或愿望，常用动词有 hope, expect,suppose,think,want,intend,mean,plan 等。 I had never thought that you were willing to help me. 我未想过你愿意帮我。 He had wanted to help you but he had no time then. 他本想帮助你的，但当时没有时间。 >(4)用于“It was the first/second.... time that.." "It was+一段时间+since从句‘等句型中，从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that he had organized such an adventure trip. 这是他第一次组织这样的冒险旅行。 lt was five months since he had returned. 他回来已经 5 个月了。 (5)在 hardly/scarcely...when... 和 no sooner..than...等 结构中，主句一般使用过去完成时。 He had no sooner come across his English teacher than he went out. 他刚出去就遇见了他的英语老师。 Hardly had I finished the work when the light went out. 我刚完成工作,灯就熄灭了。 (6)在表示过去动作先于主句动作发生的宾语从句中， 用过去完成时。 He told me he had watched the sunrise at the top of Mount Tai. 他告诉我他已经在泰山顶上看过日出了。 误区警示 在含有after 或before 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he left(=had left) the classroom,the teacher came in. 他离开教室后，老师进来了。 The train left(=had left) before he got there. 他还没到那里，火车就开走了。 现在完成时与过去完成时的用法比较 >(1)现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,常用来表示与现在仍有联系的过去的事或物。 He has received punishment as a result of telling a lie. 他因为撒谎已经受到了惩罚。 His coming has disturbed my schedule. 他的到来打乱了我的计划。 >(2)过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或动作之前完成的动作，是以过去某一时间为基准的。 He had known the customs and living habits of the ... ...