模块语法聚焦十二 英语构词法———派生法 有些英语单词是由词缀和词根构成的。在词根前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法，是英语构词法中最活跃的一种。词缀分为前缀和后缀。派生法也是我们可以发挥能动性从而扩大词汇量的一种方法。大多数情况下，前缀往往改变词根的词义，而后缀更多的是改变词根的词性。 下面是我们学过的部分常用前缀和后缀： 1．前缀 前缀 含义 例词 dis 不 disappear, dislike, disagree, dishonest, disadvantage im ， in 不 impossible, impatient, inexpensive un 不 unhappy, unable, unpopular, unhealthy mis 错误地 mistake, mislead, misunderstand non 不；非 non smoker, non native en 使……处于某种状态 enable, enrich, encourage re 再；重复 reuse, retell, rewrite, recycle, rebuild 2.后缀 后缀 功能 例词 er, or 构成名词 teacher, runner, visitor, actor ian musician ist artist, tourist, scientist ment agreement,enjoyment,government, evelopment ness coldness, illness, kindness, happiness th truth, warmth tion competition, education, information, invitation ty activity, safety able 构成形容词 comfortable, eatable, enjoyable ive active, expensive ful careful, helpful, hopeful, wasteful less careless, helpless, homeless, useless ous dangerous, famous teen 构成数词 eighteen, fifteen, seventeen, nineteen th fifth, fortieth, twelfth, nineteenth ty forty, sixty, twenty, eighty ly 构成副词 badly, carefully, carelessly, happily, quickly 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．I think travelling by train is more popular. Because it's much cheaper and far more _____ (enjoy)． 2．It is well worth the effort, and the sunrise is _____ (true) beautiful. 3．—Did you hear anything _____(usual) in the next room —No, I was chatting online with my friends. 4．Thank you very much for your _____ (invite)． 5．2020·呼和浩特People who are warm hearted set good examples to society because they pass on their _____ (kind) to people around them. 6．Tom does his homework _____ (careless), so he often gets poor grades. 7．2020·上海Sitting in front of the screen for too long is _____(healthy). It's bad for your eyes. 8．With the _____ (develop) of science, we can enjoy life better. 9．_____ (lucky), John got back the notebook that he had left at the café. 答案 语法精练 1．enjoyable 2.truly 3.unusual 4．invitation 5.kindness 6.carelessly 7．unhealthy 8.development 9.Luckily
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