医护英语 Unit 12-5 Reading B The Endocrine System 学案（含学习指导+答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Medical and Nursing English Unit – 12 The Endocrine System 内分泌系统 黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛 Reading B 内分泌系统 Warm-up（参考答案） 1. Yes, I do. The endocrine system is composed of glands which can produce some hormones. 2. Yes, I can say some of them, such as thyroid gland; adrenal gland; pancreas; ovary/ovaries; testis/ testes ; thymus gland … 3. Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. I. Choose the best answer. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D II. Read the text again and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 【参考译文】 内分泌系统由位于体内许多不同部位的腺体所组成，所有这些腺体都直接向血流中释放特殊的化学物质。这些化学物质叫做激素，能够调节机体多种不同功能:情绪、生长发育、组织功能、新陈代谢、性功能、繁殖功能等。 内分泌系统主要有两种腺体，包括外分泌腺和内分泌腺。 将化学物质分泌入导管并排出体外的腺体叫外分泌腺。外分泌腺有汗腺、乳腺、分泌粘液的唾液腺和泪腺。 无导管的向体内分泌的腺体叫内分泌腺，内分泌腺主要有以下九种：1.甲状腺；2.甲状旁腺（4个腺体）；3.肾上腺（1对）；4.胰腺；5.垂体；6.女性卵巢（1对）；7.男性睾丸（1对）；8. 松果体；9.胸腺。 人们认为，松果体分泌一种叫做褪黑激素的物质。在哺乳动物体内，褪黑激素影响大脑，也影响性腺（卵巢和睾丸）的成熟速度。已经证明，光波从眼、脑和交感神经进入松果体，发出信号影响松果体分泌褪黑激素。 在新生儿体内，胸腺在产生免疫反应方面非常重要，胸腺在儿童阶段较大，但在成人时期缩小。 卵巢能产生雌激素和孕酮。 睾丸能产雄激素 垂体能控制其它内分泌腺的活动。 21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页） HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) " 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Medical and Nursing English Unit – 12 The Endocrine System 黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛 Reading B The Endocrine System Think over while reading 1. What is the endocrine system 2. How many glands are there in the endocrine system 3. What are the important functions of the pineal gland Reading The endocrine system is composed of glands located in many different regions of the body, all of which release specific chemical substances directly into the bloodstream. These chemical substances, called hormones, can regulate the functions of the organism: mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, sexual function and reproductive processes and so on. In the endocrine system, there are two major glands which include exocrine glands and endocrine glands. The glands which send their chemical substances into ducts and out of the body are called exocrine glands. Examples of exocrine glands are sweat, mammary, mucous salivary and lachrymal glands. The glands which are ductless and secret internally are endocrine glands. They are listed as nine parts: (1) thyroid gland; (2) parathyroid glands (four glands); (3) adrenal glands (one pair); (4) pancreas; (5) pituitary gland; (6) ovaries in female (one pair); (7) testes in male (one pair); (8) pineal gland; (9) thymus gland. The pineal gland is believed to secrete a substance called melatonin. In mamma ... ...