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课件网) non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative Review: Using language non-finite forms 一、概念 动词不定式是非谓语动词形式的一种。它的基本形式是“to +动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能作谓语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语等。 动词不定式to do 二、构成 1.不定式的一般式 肯定结构:to do 否定结构:not to do Banks actively encourage people to borrow money.银行积极鼓励人们贷款。 Teachers told us not to be late for class.老师告诉我们上课不要迟到。 2.不定式的进行时 肯定结构:to be doing 否定结构:not to be doing The boy pretended to be reading.那个男孩儿假装正在读书。 3.不定式的完成时 肯定结构:to have done 否定结构:not to have done She remembers to have seen the film before.她记得之前好像看过这部电影。 三、 不定式的用法 1.不定式作主语 当动词不定式作主语时,不定式可直接放在谓语动词前的主语位置,此时谓语为单数;也可用it作形式主语,真正主语就是不定式,置于后边。 To learn a foreign language well is not easy.学好一门外语不是那么容易。 To get up early is necessary.早起有必要。 It’s important for you to walk after supper.晚饭后散步很重要。 2.不定式作宾语 (1)有些动词用不定式作宾语,常见的这类动词有 decide,plan,refuse,need,forget,stop,remember,promise,agree,wish,hope, happen等;有些动词后常跟形式宾语it, to do为真正宾语,这些动词常见的有think, make, find, feel等。 They decided to have a peaceful talk. I hope to visit the Great Wall again. He refused to do me a favour. I happened to have met her in the park. They found it important to learn English well. I think it my honour to work with her. (2)一些动词后常用不定式to do作宾语的补足语,表示to do的动作是由宾语所做的;如encourage , ask, tell, want等一些动词。 The teacher encouraged his students to work hard. 这位老师鼓励他的学生努力学习。 The police ask us to obey the traffic rules. 警察要求我们遵守交通规则。 (3)注意一些使役动词let, make, have和感官动词feel, watch, see , hear , notice等动词的主动用法后常用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,被动需还原出to。 Let me help you. Mary made the little boy cry. The little boy was made to cry by Mary. 3.不定式作表语 不定式作表语时通常放在be,become,seem,appear,get,sound,look,grow等系动词后面,不定式是对主语的具体说明,主语通常为dream,business,wish,plan,duty,idea等词,也可以是what等引导的名词性从句等。当然在一些情况下,如主语被不定式修饰时或主语为what引导且带有do的主语从句时等,不定式to可以省略。 My dream is to be a teacher. His duty is to clean the room. What I suggest is to start work at once. To see is to believe. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.It is exciting (hear) the news. 答案:to hear 2.They refused (cooperate) with us. 答案:to cooperate 3.We all believe it important (have) fresh air. 答案:to have 4.There are several tips (form) a good habit. 答案:to form 5.He feels it his duty (help) me. 答案:to help 6.He has no idea how (deal) with such problems. 答案:to deal 7.I’d be the first (admit) I might be wrong. 答案:to admit 8.The purpose of educ ... ...
