国际音标与自然拼读发音规则分类总结表（PDF版）

图说英语： 分类总结字母字母组合发音 学好英语的前提是掌握足够的词汇，而对学习英语的人来说，记忆单词是一件枯草乏 味的事，而且记了忘，再记再忘，使学习者倍受打击。本文用表格形式列举了字母及字母组 合与发音的关系，并附有例词，对个别例外的发音也有详细的说明，简单实用。如果你能认 真阅读我总结的《字母及字母组合与发音的规律》，相信你不会再为记单词发愁。本文能有 效地帮助你迅速扩大你的词汇量。 一、元音及 48 个音标对照表: 音标有 48个，其中元音 20个，20个元音音标中又分 12单元音和 8个双元音；辅音音 标 28个；其中又分 11个清辅音和 17个浊辅音。 单元音：根据发音部位的不同又分前元音、中元音、后元音 前元音：[i:] [ i ] [e] [ ]； 中元音 [ ] [ :] [ ]； 后元音 [α:] [ ] [ :] [u] [u:] 双元音：合口双元音[ei] [ai] [au] [ i] [ u]； 集中双元音[i ] [e ] [u ] 元音、辅音对照表 长元音 5 [i:] [ :] [ :] [u:] [α:] 12 个单元音 元音 短元音 8 [i] [ ] [ ] [u] [ ] [ ] [e] 8 个双元音 [ei] [ai] [au] [ i] [ u] [i ] [e ] [u ] 清辅音 10对 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t ] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [d ] [dr] [dz] 辅音 3 个鼻音 [m] [n] [ ] 3 个似拼音 [h](清辅音) [r] [l] 2 个半元音 [w] [j] 注：[h]、 [r]、 [l]，由于它们三个的发音非常相似，所以称之为似拼音。 二、字母组合及发音 字母和 读音 说明 例词 及组合 [ei] 在重读开音节中 a, same, labour [ ] 在重读闭音节中 cat, pack, plan a [ ] 在非重读音节中 about, again, woman, China [ ] 前面是辅音[w] wash, what, want [α:] 后面是 ss, st, sk, th, f, n class, fast, ask, bath, staff, dance [ei] 在重读音节中 afraid, gain, wait, day, play, way ai/ay [ i ] 在非重读音节中 mountain, portrait, Sunday, holiday air [e ] air, chair, hair al [ ] 但在 f, m前发[α:] wall, call, talk, walk, half, palm [α:] 在重读音节中 car, farm, party ar [ ] 在非重读音节中 grammar, sugar, particular are [e ] care, dare, rare au(gh) [ :] cause, August, fault; daughter, caught, taught aw [ :] law, claw, saw 1 [b] bed, book, club b [/] 前面是字母 m comb, tomb, climb 后面是 a, o, u cap, cool, cut [k] c 后是辅音字母 clean, class, cream [s] 后面是字母 e, i, y centre, nice, city, bicycle [t ] child, change, teach, check ch [k] 在某些单词中 school, chemistry, headache, stomach ck [k] back, clock, pocket d [d] desk, red, hard dge [d ] bridge, fridge, judge [i:] 在重读开音节中 we, he she, these [e] 在重读闭音节中 pen, best, well e [ ] 在非重读音节中 silence, open [i] 在前缀或后缀中 decision, behind, careless [i:] beat, meat, sea, breathe ea [e] head, breakfast, peasant, breath [ei/e] 两个单词中 great, steak（肉排，牛排） [i ] hear, clear, dear, near [ :] heard, early, learn, pearl ear [α:] heart [e ] pear, bear, wear swear [t] 前面是清音([t]除外) worked, jumped, washed -ed [d] 前是元/浊音([d]除外) lived, stayed, closed [id] 前面是[t]或[d] wanted, needed ee [i:] three, need, green eer [i ] deer, beer, engineer ei [i:] receive, ceiling [ :] 在重读音节中 term, serve, verb er [ ] 在非重读音节中 teacher, paper, perform [i ] here, mere ere [e ] there, where eu [ju:] feudal（封建的）, neutral（中立的） ew [ju:/u:] new, few, newspaper; flew, blew, jewelry f [f] fast, wife, leaf g [g] ... ...