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课件网) Adverbial Clause 1. To review adverbial clauses of time, condition, and concession 2. To learn how to make sentences with adverbial clauses 时间状语从句 1. 由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句 (1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”。从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词。如： I studied English when I was young. When we meet, I will discuss it with you. when还可以表示突然发生某事，常译为“正在……忽然……”。如： I was doing my homework when there was a big noise outside. (2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”。从句和主句中的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。有时也可表示主句的动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中，此时主句中的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词。如： He listened closely while she read. While the discussion was still going on, the boss came in. (3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时，一边……一边……，随着……”。这时主、从句的两个动作几乎同时发生，或者一个动作随着另一个动作的变化而变化。如： He looked at me curiously as I opened the door. “I’ll call you at nine,” he said as he left her. As time passed, things seemed to get better. 2. until, till引导时间状语从句时，在肯定句中表示“做某事直至某时”，在否定句中表示“直至某时才做某事”。如： Let’s wait till the rain stops. I didn’t have a bike until I was 17. 3. as soon as, hardly ... when, no sooner ... than引导时间状语从句时表示“一……就……”。如： He left as soon as he heard the news. He had hardly arrived when it began to rain. He had no sooner got home than he began to cook. 当hardly或no sooner位于句首时，主、谓语要进行部分倒装。如： Hardly had we got into the country when it began to snow. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 4. since, ever since引导时间状语从句时，表示“自从……以来”。这时，主句多用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如： He has changed so much since I last saw him. I’ve been writing a play ever since I quit my job. 5. 引导时间状语从句的词或短语还有：directly, immediately, after, before, the moment, by the time等。如： The man rushed into the room immediately he heard the noise. The baby starts crying the moment he sees his mother. if引导的条件状语从句 可分为两类： 一类是真实条件句；一类是虚拟条件句。 ★真实条件句 1. 表示依据其他将来事件，将来有可能发生的事件。如： I’ll only stay if you offer me money. We’ll stay at home if it rains. 2. 表示建议或命令某人做某事，及提出请求。如： I’ll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday. If you go out in such a cold day, put on more clothes. ★虚拟条件句 1. 虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在不可能存在的情况时，条件从句谓语常用动词过去式（be动词的过去式用were），主句谓语用“would / should / could / might +动词原形”。如： If I were you, I would / should / could / might help him. If I had the book at hand, I would / should / could / might read the passage to you. 2. 虚拟条件句表示与过去事实相反时，条件从句谓语常用过去完成时，主句谓语常用“would / should / could / might have +过去分词”。如： If you had worked harder, you would ... ...
