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课件网) Module3 Music Grammar2 The past perfect tense The past perfect tense 过去完成时 1、定义及构成 2、用法 3、过去完成时与一般过去时、 现在完成时区别 1、定义及构成 1）定义：过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，或者表示从过去某一时间开始延续到过去另一时间的动作。 2）构成：had+过去分词（had用于各种人称） I had finished my homework before I had supper. 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。 (句中的 had supper是在过去某个时间发生的，而 finish这一动作则是在 had supper之前完成的。 由此可见，过去完成时可以说是一个相对的时态， 它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在) By the end of the end of last year ,Li Hua had collected more than a hundred foreign records. 到去年年底，李华已收集了100多张外国唱片。 When we got there the concert had already started. 我们到那里时，音乐会已经开始了。 The composer said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. 这位作曲家说他的启蒙老师去世至少有10年了。 2、用法 (1)表示在过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生或 完成的动作或情况。 这个过去的时刻常用by， before，until等引导的短语或 一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过一个表示过去的 动作或上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。 She had learnt about 500 English words before she went to middle school. 在上中学之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。 语法填空 1.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to raise money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday ( receive)￡8,000. 2、 She asked me whether I (return) the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't. 3、— Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house —Not really. She (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. had received had returned had given (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for， since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came. 最终当一辆公共汽车来的时候，我已在车站等了30 分钟。 She said she had made great progress since she came here. 她说自从她来到这儿她已经取得了很大的进步。 语法填空 1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap )in the mountains for two days . 2. When walking down the street，came across David, whom I (see)for years. hadn't seen had ben trapped (3)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果主从复合句叙述 的是过去的事，则先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 She returned the book that she had borrowed. 她归还了她借的那本书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她找到了丢失的那把钥匙。 (4)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时 从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。 She said that she had finished her work. 她说她已完成了她的工作。 (5)通常情况下，在含有时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从 句的复合句中，若主从句动作的发生有先后顺序，动作在 前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后他上床睡觉了。 语法填空 I found the lecture har ... ...
