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课件网) Part 4 Grammar 语法知识·通关 时间状语从句和省略 知识梳理 一、时间状语从句 1.由连词(短语)引导的时间状语从句 时间状语从句常由下列连词引导:when(当……时候),whenever(任何时候),as (随着),while(在……期间),before(在……以前),after(在……之后),since (自从),as soon as(一……就),until/till(直到),once(一旦)等。 When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.(2019全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B) 当他的演讲圆满结束时,惠利邀请其余同学表扬他。 Before they reached the station,the train had gone. 他们到达火车站前,火车就已经开走了。 I have written home four times since I came here. 自从来到这儿我往家里写了四次信。 [温馨提示] 在时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来;since引导的从句中常用一般过去时,主句中常用现在完成时。 [词语辨析] when 从句中的动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是短暂性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以不同时发生 while 从句中的动词只能是延续性动词,从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句中的动词既可以是延续性动词,也可以是短暂性动词。侧重指从句的动作与主句的动作同时进行,常译为“一边……一边;随着” When/While/As I was walking along the street,I came across an old friend of mine. 当我正在街上走着时,我遇到了我的一位老朋友。 2.名词短语引导的时间状语从句 表示时间的名词短语有时也可以引导时间状语从句,此时名词短语相当于从属连词。常用的这类名词短语有:the time,the moment,the minute,the day, the year,the first time,the second time,each time,every time,next time,any time,by the time等。 Every time I see him,he is working hard. 我每次见到他,他都在努力地工作。 3.“一……就……”的表达方式 (1)as soon as As soon as he heard the news,he jumped with joy. 他一听到这消息,就高兴得跳了起来。 (2)immediately,directly,instantly I’ll give you an answer immediately I finish reading your file. 我一看完你的档案就给你答复。 Directly you feel any pains,you must go to the doctor’s. 你一感到疼痛就得去看医生。 (3)no sooner...than... No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off. →I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off. 我几乎未来得及讲话,他就挂断了电话。 (4)hardly/scarcely...when... Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening. →I had hardly told him my name when he stopped listening. 我几乎没来得及告诉他我的名字,他就不听了。 [温馨提示] 在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...中,主句用过去完成时,when和than从句中用一般过去时。当hardly/scarcely和no sooner置于句首时,主句用部分倒装,将had提到主语之前。 二、省略 为了避免重复,或出于修辞上的需要而省略句中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象称为“省略”。 1.简单句中的省略 (1)人称(有时包括谓语)的省略 —How is your mother today ———你母亲今天怎么样了 —(She is) Much better. ———(她)好多了。 (Are you)Not a student (2019全国Ⅰ,阅读理解A) (你)不是一个学生吗 (Is there) Anything else to say 还有别的要说吗 (2)感叹句根据上下文的省略 How beautiful (it is)!(它)多美啊! (3)介词的省略 在waste/spend/have trouble/difficulty等后跟v.-ing时,常省略介词in, 在prevent,stop等后常省略from。 Don’t waste time (in) complaining. 别浪费 ... ...
