北师大版（2019）必修第二册 Unit6The admirable Lesson1 A Medical Pioneer导学案（有答案）

Unit6 Lesson1 导学案 本课生词、词组 本课语法———定语从句3（介词+关系代词） 本课重点语法是定语从句（介词+关系代词）的情况。 1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。 如：This is the man to whom I referred.我指的就是这个人。 This is the man (whom) I referred to.我指的就是这个人。 2.直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略。 如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能换成that，也不能省略) This is a subject which we have talked about a lot.这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that，也可以省略) 3.关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。 如：That is the day when[=on which]he was born.那就是他出生的日子。 That is the house where[=in which]he lived.那就是他住过的房子。 That is the reason why[=for which]he must apologize.那就是他必须道歉的原因。 4.在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。正：There the children had a garden in which to play.(很正式) 正：There the children had a garden in which they could play.(较正式) 正：There the children had a garden to play in.(较口语化) 注：这类“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in. “介词+关系代词”的结构 1.“介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。如： ①I still remember the day on which (=when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。 ②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。 2.“介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒装。如： ①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。 ②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上有一只鸟。 3.“不定代词或数词+ of + which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。如： ①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是钓鱼岛。 ②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。 4.“介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语。如： ①Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat 你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？ ②The man, from whom I learned the news,is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这个消息的。 5.“介词+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的执行者。如： ①The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。 ②The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。 6.“名词+of which”代替“whose+名词”在关系分句中作定语。如： ①I saw some trees,the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease.我看见一些树 ... ...