Unit 1 Helping those in need 4-语法讲义（学生版＋教师版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Unit 1 Helping those in need Grammar 语法学习--动词不定式 （1）基本形式： to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to） （2）特点： A .没有人称和数的变化 B . 可以有自己的宾语和状语 C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be + 动词过去分词） （3）用法： A、作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language. 【即学即练】 It is good _____ others. 帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting _____ the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。 B、作表语 The important thing is to finish the work on time . What you have to do now is _____ (打扫教室) . C、作宾语 动词 + to do 1)常见动词有 choose , hope , offer , want , decide, learn , plan, wish, agree, fail等 【即学即练】 1. He decided _____ (buy) the camera. 2. I want_____ (listen to) some music after class. 3. I hope_____ (travel) all over the world one day. 2) 动词+疑问词 + to do I don’t know what to do . how to do it / that. 【即学即练】 1. _____ (去哪里) 2. _____ (什么时候出发) 3. _____ (选择哪个) 3) 动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to do I find it important to learn English 【即学即练】 1. 我发现很难和他好好相处。_____ 2. 我发现在炎热的夏天很容易入睡。_____ D、做宾补 1) 动词 + 宾语 +to do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary . 注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。 2) 动词 + 宾语 + do (不带 to 的不定式) 注：常用的动词是:感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make, let. E、作状语 可以表目的、表结果、表原因 I came here to tell you a good news. (告诉你一个好消息) 【即学即练】 1. They stopped _____, but there was no sound. A. listen B. listening C. to listening D. to listen 2. He advised me _____ a new computer. A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought 3. Don’t make children _____ too much homework. A. doing B. to do C. do D. did 4. I want to know _____. A. when leave B. when to leave C. leave when D. to leave when 5. They decided _____ to the cinema. A. not to go B. to not go C. not going D. going not F、作定语（必须后置） We have a lot of homework to do every day. 我们每天有很多作业要做. I have a good news to tell you. 我有个好消息要告诉你. （4）动词不定式的否定形式: not + to do Mr.Smith asked the boy _____(not play) this kind of game. Please tell her _____(not do) so much housework. 语法练习 一．单项选择（20分） ( )1. Tell him _____ the window. A to shut not B not to shut C to not shut D not shut ( )2. -- I usually go there by train. --Why not _____ by boat for a change A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going ( )3. --The light in the office is still on. --Oh, I forgot _____. A turning it off B turn it off C to turn it off D having turned it off ( )4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock. A to have rested B resting C to rest D rest ( )5. --Do you often get online --Yes. I_____ lots of time on it. It's a good way to kill time. A. cost B. spend C. take D. use ( ) 6. -- Do you want to_____ money for the old in the hospital -- Yes, ... ...