(
课件网) Unit3 Learning About Language 直接引语和间接引语 （Direct speech&Indirect speech） 目录 含义 互相转换 祈使句的直接引语与间接引语的变换 例题精选 一、含义 引用或转述别人的话时有两种方法: (1)放在引号内,不用连词连接,直接引述别人的原话称为直接引语(Direct Speech)。 (2)不用引号,通常用连词连接主句,用自己的话转述别人的话,称为间接引语(Indirect Speech),间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 Li Hua said, “I am proud of my motherland.”李华说:“我为我的祖国感到自豪。”(直接引语) Li Hua said that he was proud of his motherland.李华说他为他的祖国感到自豪。(宾语从句是间接引语) 二、直接引语与间接引语的转换 间接引语比直接引语使用起来更加灵活，而且还可以达到委婉、礼貌等交际目的,因此在语言交际中间接引语比直接引语更加常用。使用间接引语时，所转述的信息要便于听者理解,这就要求说话人根据时间、地点、指代关系等语境因素的变化,对直接引语中的部分词语在语言形式上进行必要的变化。 1. 人称的变化 直接引语中的人称代词在转化为间接引语时要有相应的变化。一般遵循“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”的原则。 一随主：直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。 二随宾：直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按引述动同的宾语的人称变化;若引述动词后没有宾语,也可用第一人称。 第三人称不更新：直接引语中出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。 He said, “I like the film very much.” → He said that he liked film very much. 他说他非常喜欢这部电影。 She said, “My brother wants to go with me. ” → She said that her brother wanted to go with her. 她说她弟弟想跟她一起去。 He said to me, “Are you coming tomorrow ” →He asked me if I was coming the next day. 他问我第二天是否要来。 The librarian said, “You may have this book for one week.” →The librarian said that I might have that book for one week. 图书馆管理员说那本书我可以借一个星期。 Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good workmate.” →Mr Smith said that Jack was a good workmate. 史密斯先生说杰克是个不错的同事。 2. 时态的变化 (1) 时态变化如下： 一般现在时→ 一般过去时 现在进行时→过去进行时 现在完成时→ 过去完成时 般过去时→ 过去完成时 过去完成时→ 不变 一般将来时→ 过去将来时 "I never get up before 8 a.m. on Sundays," said he. → He said that he never got up before 8 a.m. on Sundays. 他说他星期天上午8点之前从不起床。 Lisa said, “My brother is doing his homework.” → Lisa said that her brother was doing his homework. 莉萨说她弟弟正在做作业。 Tom said, “I have not heard from Jim since February." →Tom said that he had not heard from Jim since February. 汤姆说自从二月份以来他就没收到过吉姆的信。 The mother said to her son, “Did you clean your bedroom yesterday ” →The mother asked her son if he had cleaned his bedroom the day before. 妈妈问儿子前一天有没有打扫他的卧室。 Bob told me, "I had lived here for years before I moved out." → Bob told me that he had lived there for years before he moved out. 鲍勃告诉我,他在那儿住了多年才搬走。 He said."I will wait for you at the same place tomorrow.” → He said that he would wait for me at the same place the next day. 他说他第二天会在同一个地方 ... ...
