中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Unit2 Sharpening Your Skills知识串讲 重点单词 序号 英文 词性 中文 序号 英文 词性 中文 1 attitude n. 态度 11 participate n. 珍贵的 2 automobile n. 汽车 12 positive n. 招募 3 Colleague n. 同事 13 precious n. 居民 4 committee n. 委员会 14 recruitment n. 有益的,值得做的 5 competition n. 比赛 15 resident n. 把……放在架子上 6 consumer n. 顾客 16 rewarding adj. 体育场 7 contest n. 比赛 17 shelve adj. 主管 8 cooperate v. 合作 18 stadium n. 有才能的 9 handle v. 处理 19 individual adj. 个人的 10 hospitality n. (酒店、饭店等的)招待;好客 20 Oral adj. 口头的 重点短语 序号 英文短语 中文释义 序 英文短语 中文释义 1 floral design 花艺设计 13 Know about 了解 2 pay off 取得成功;奏效 14 participate in 参加 3 team player 人 善于团队合作的人 15 take part in 参加 4 Join in 加入 16 get to 到达 重点语法 被动语态 一、概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态;当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语的形式是被动语态。 We speak English every day. 我们每天说英语。(主动句) English is spoken in many countries in the world. 世界上很多国家说英语。(被动句) I lost my mobile phone yesterday. 我昨天丢了手机。(主动句) My mobile phone was lost by me yesterday. (被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 1. 基本结构: 肯定句式:be+过去分词; 情态动词+be+过去分词 否定句式:be+ not+过去分词; 情态动词+ not+be+过去分词 (注意:get+过去分词也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化) 被动语态的时态 被动语态的时态体现在be动词上,be动词什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后的过去分词不变。几种常用时态的被动形式见下表: 时态 主动语态(以动词do为例) 被动语态(以动词do为例) 1 一般现在时 do/does be(am/is/are) am/is/are + done 2 一般过去时 did be(was/were) was/were +done 3 一般将来时 will/shall do be going to do will be done be going to be done 4 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are+being done 5 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 【例1】Today Chinese _____by more and more people around the world. A. speak B. learn C. is spoken D. has learned 解析:C本题考查一般现在时的被动语态,其形式为:is/am/are+动词的过去分词,故选C 【例2】The People’s Republic of China _____ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found 解析:B本题考查一般过去时的被动语态,其形式为was/were+动词的过去分词,故选B 【例3】Attention, please! All the mobile phones must _____in the meeting. A. be turned off B. turned off C. turn off D. be turning off 解析:A本题考查情态动词的被动语态,其形式为:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词,故选A 【例4】Don't worry. You _____plenty of time to do it. A. will give B. have given C. will be given D. are giving 解析:C本题考查一般将来时的被动语态,其形式为:will/shall +be+动词的过去分词,故选C 【试一试】 ( ) 1. Mo Yan’s book finally _____ published in 2014. A. get B. got C. has got D. is getting ( ) 2. The meeting ____ if the manager can’t come back on Monday. A. canceled B. will cancel C. was canceled D. will be canceled ( ) 3. Visitors _____to be as quiet as possible in the hall. A. are ask ... ...