2023年初中英语语法精讲之介词和介词短语

2023年初中英语语法精讲之介词和介词短语 　　介词和介词短语的概念： 　　介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。 　　误用介词的三种情况： 　　1、多用介词： 　　多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错： 　　误：We discussed about the plan. 　　正：We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。 　　误：Did he mention about the accident 　　正：Did he mention the accident 他提到那次事故了吗 　　误：I saw her enter into the bank. 　　正：I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。 　　误：He married with[to] a nurse. 　　正：He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。 　　误：How can contact with you 　　正：How can contact you 我怎么与你联系 　　误：We should serve for the people heart and soul. 　　正：We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。 　　误：Who controls over the factory (但名词control可接over) 　　正：Who controls the factory 谁管理这个工厂 　　误：He has a great many of friends here. (比较a great number of) 　　正：He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。 　　2、漏用介词： 　　漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等： 　　误：This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理) 　　正：This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。 　　误：He is not a man to be depended. 　　正：He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。 　　误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story. 　　误：My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider…as中的as可省略) 　　正：My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。 　　误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us. 　　正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。 　　误：What he says is worth listening. 　　正：What he said is worth listening to.他的话值得一听。 　　3、错用介词： 　　错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错： 　　误：She called on his office yesterday. (call on+人，call at+地点) 　　正：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。 　　误：He is engaged with a nurse. 　　正：He is engaged to a nurse.他与一位护士订了婚。 　　误：The sun rises from the east. 　　正：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 　　误：Under his help, I finished it in time. 　　正：With his help, I finished it in time. 在他的帮助下，我及时做完了。 　　误：During he was in Japan, he visited many places. 　　正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。 　　误：We are familiar to his character. 　　正：We are familiar with his character.我们了解他的性格。 　　误：Help yourself with the fruit. 　　正：Help yoursel ... ...