初中时态： 现在完成时 概念 现在完成时表示过去发生并已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，且又可能还会持续的动作或状态。 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的句式 肯定句 主语+have/has + 动词过去分词+其他 否定句 主语+have/has not + 动词过去分词+其他 一般疑问句 Have/ Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+ 动词过去分词+其他 ？ Who+ have/has +主语+ 动词过去分词+其他 ？ 规则动词的过去式变化 一般在词尾加“-ed”：help-helped、clean-cleaned 以不发音的e结尾的词在词尾加“-ed”：like-liked、live-lived 3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾时，加“-ed”；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾时，变y为i，再加“-ed”: play-played、stay-stayed; study-studied、carry-carried 4、 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个字母加“-ed”：stop-stopped、trip-tripped 现在完成时的用法 表示过去发生并已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响： I have heard of the man. 过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，且又可能还会持续的动作或状态： I have lived in this city since I was born. 常与一般现在时连用的时间状语 already, yet(常用于否定句和疑问句中表示“仍，还”), before, recently, never, ever, once, twice等。 I have already finished my homework. 固定的短语：for+ 一段时间， since+ 过去时间点+ ago，so far, up to now, in the past/ last three years I have been here since two months ago. 难点拓展 1. since 和 for 的区别 since用来说明动作的起始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 I have been here since two months ago. I have taught English for 15 years. 练习：用 for 或 since填空 1._____two years 2._____two years ago 3._____last month 4._____1999 5._____yesterday 6._____4 o’clock 7._____4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9._____we were children 10._____lunch 2. already 和yet的区别 already 多用于肯定句，yet多用于否定或疑问句； I have already seen the film twice. He hasn’t seen the film yesterday. 3. 短暂性动词和持续性动词 短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用 open – be open close – be closed finish – be over begin – be on move/come – be (in/at) go /leave – be away borrow - keep buy - have die – be dead arrive/reach/get to–be in/at I have kept the book for five years. 4. have/ has been to, have/ has gone to, have/ has been in的区别 He has been to the Great Wall twice. (去过) He has gone to the cinema. (去了) He has been in Tibet for two years.(待了) 练习： 用Have been to,have gone to,have been in填空 1. Mike and his parents_____ the north for half a year. 2. Hi Jim! Where _____you_____ Li Lei is looking for you. 3. you ever Kunming Never. 4. Where is Peter I do not know where he_____ 5. Has Jim arrived yet Yes, he___ __here for several days. 5. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间。 I have seen the film. (现在仍记得电影的内容) I saw the film three days ago. （强调是三天前，而不是别的时间看电影。 随堂练习 1、单选 1 You have _____ a tall young man. A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up 2 He has ____ the watch for a year. A buy B bought C have D had 3 Has your brother _____ th ... ...
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