高考英语复习：语法专题 专题8　正反解读非谓语动词学案（含答案）

专题8　正反解读非谓语动词 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1 By　　　　 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 　　　　(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 3. …I was the first Western TV reporter　　　　 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 4. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal　　　　 (create) special designs. 5. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 　　　　(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. 非谓语动词概述 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能单独充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。所以,要正确使用非谓语形式,一定要充分理解不同形式所表达的意义,要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动”关系,所表示的动作是“过去”、“现在”还是“将来”,以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分。下面是非谓语结构及其意义一览表: 　　形式 对比　　 项目　　 动词不定式 (to do) 动名词 (doing) 现在分词 (doing) 过去分词 (done) 意义 　相当于名词、形容词、副词,往往有将来意味 　相当于名词,指经常性、习惯性的动作 　相当于形容词、副词,往往有现在意味 　相当于形容词、副词,本身兼有被动、完成意义 充当句 子成分 　主语、宾语、表语、宾 补、定语、状语 　主语、宾语、表语、定语 　表语、宾补、定语、状语 　表语、宾补、定语、状语 主动一 般式 to do doing doing done 被动式 to be done being done being done 无 主动完 成式 to have done having done having done 无 被动完 成式 to have been done having been done having been done 无 否定式 在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not 考点一　不定式和动名词作主语 规则1不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。 ①Smoking is forbidden in public places.(习惯性的) ②It is impossible to go swimming this afternoon.(具体的) [温馨提示] 下列句型中常用动名词作真正的主语: It is/was++doing sth做某事无益 It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. 当我意识到不能假装没看见他时,我只好向他打了个招呼。 规则2 带逻辑主语的动名词结构作主语时,可以和主语从句之间相互转换。 His being elected our team leader made us all very excited.=That he was elected our team leader made us all very excited. 他被选为我们的队长,这使我们都很兴奋。 考点二　不定式和动名词作宾语 规则1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀: 决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend; offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。 此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。 By all appearances, my choice of careers seems to have worked out. 显然,我对职业生涯的选择似乎是成功的。 规则2下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀: 考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险,不 ... ...