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高三英语复习讲义(十四)高考语法独立主格考点全角度复习学案(含答案)

日期:2024-05-23 科目:英语 类型:高中学案 查看:17次 大小:25652Byte 来源:二一课件通
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高三,考点,习学,角度,独立,主格
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高三英语复习讲义(十四) 高考语法独立主格考点全角度复习 独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。 独立主格结构在句中作状语,多用于书面语。在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。 非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。 一、功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如: 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。 表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 In the middle of February, the weather being favorable for work, the workers began to repair and secure the dam of the river. 二月中旬,天气有利于工作,工人们开始修缮河坝。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。 =Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all. 二、用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后,我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 用作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head). 他躺在草地上,将两手交叉枕在脑后。 用作补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活。 ★注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。 三、形式 名词/主格代词+现在分词 (表示主动和正在进行) The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。 名词/主格代词+过去分词(表示被动和已完成) 名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。 The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔 ... ...

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