20223年中考英语知识点：定语从句相关考点解析

20223年中考英语知识点：定语从句相关考点解析 　　1.在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。 　　定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。 　　e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage 　　This is the museum which was built last year. 　　2.先行词和关系代词 　　被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 　　引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）； 　　e.g.: The man先行词 who关系代词（在从句中做主语） has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. 　　The train先行词 which关系代词（做主语） has just left is for Shenzhen. 　　Let’s find a place先行词 where关系副词（地点状语） we can have a picnic. 定语从句的功用和结构 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： 　　This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. 　　Do you know everybody who came to the party 　　I still remember the night when I first came to the village 　　This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. which 和 as 　　在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换： 　　（1）通常as 可以放在整句的句首，而which 只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有正如，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语。 　　As appear from her paper， she has read widely in Romantic literature． 　　She is remarkable， as I have told you ． 　　（2）which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：She has warried again， which surprises us 定语从句中只能用which 　　定语从句中只能用which，不能用that的几种情况： 　　1. 在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that。即“介词+which（代物）” 例如： 　　The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke. 　　他花了1000美元买下的画曾为一名公爵所拥有。 　　The building in which Han Mei studied was very old. 　　韩梅在里边学习的那幢大楼很旧。 　　2. 在非限定性定语从句中不能用that。例如： 　　Crusoe's dog, which was very old now, became ill and died. 　　克鲁索的狗，现在已经很老了，病死了。 　　3. 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已有which，另一个宜用that。相反，如果其中一个为that，另一个宜用which。 　　Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 　　爱迪生办了一个工厂，生产过去从未见过的东西。 　　Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。 关系词只能选用that ① 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything时 Is there anything that I can do for you ② 当先行词为不定代词all时 Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. ③ 当先行词被all, some, any修饰时 These are all the things that I have done today. ④ 当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时 This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. ⑤ 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时 This is the cleaning room t ... ...