(
课件网) Unit4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures Describe space facts and efforts to explore space Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Presentation I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 目的 目的 First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 目的 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Presentation Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 做后置定语，修饰dream On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 做后置定语，修饰the first person 不定式作定语、状语 一、动词不定式用作定语 1. 动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语, 表示尚未发生的动作。 Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。 动词不定式用作定语 2. 名词前有first, last, next, only等词以及最高级修饰时, 其后要用动词不定式。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 3. 抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。 But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 。 动词不定式用作定语 4. 当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。 I usually have a lot of meetings to attend. 我通常有很多会议要参加。 She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好的合作伙伴。 5. 当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。 We must find a person to do the job. 我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。 We need someone to go and get a doctor. 我们需要有人去请医生。 6. 当名词与定语有同位关系时。 We got the order to leave the city. 我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。 二、动词不定式用作状语 动词不定式在句中作状语, 主要用来修饰动词和形容词, 也可用来修饰副词。在句中, 不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等, 可表示目的、原因及结果等。 1. 目的状语, 置于句首或句末, 置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气, 常与in order或so as 组成短语。 A group of young people got together to discuss this question. In order to help him, we would do everything we can. 二、动词不定式用作状语 不定式作目的状语 (1)不定式作目的状语时, 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。 I said that to encourage him. 我这么说是为了鼓励他。 (2)置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。如用于表示否定, in order 或 so as不能省略, 用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。 I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby. 我安静地走路, 以免打扰婴儿。 (3)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that / in order that 或 so. . . that . . . 引导的目的状语从句。 He worked very hard to pass the exam. →He worked so hard that he could pass the exam. →He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam. 他非常努力以便能通过考试。 二、动词不定式用作状语 2. ... ...
