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译林版(2019)必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar语法过去分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语学案(学生版+教师版)

日期:2024-04-30 科目:英语 类型:高中学案 查看:36次 大小:92536Byte 来源:二一课件通
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译林,过去,学生,学案,补足语,宾语
    Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 4.2 Grammar 过去分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语 ( 知识精讲 )概 念 一、过去分词作定语 1.过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)前置定语 一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。  ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。 There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 剩余的老虎不多了,是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。 ②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved?还有什么没解决的吗? (2)后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 Last Tuesday in a mountainous area,there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(=which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. 上周二在一个山区,有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 2.过去分词作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语,在语态上表示被动;在时间上,常表示动作已经发生或完成,有时也不表示时间性。 Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动) 卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气,煤气装在车顶上的大袋子中。 The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成) 会上提出的计划将很快被执行。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,它不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。 Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week. 上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。 3.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别     意义 形式 语态 时态 过去分词 被动 完成 现在分词 主动 进行 As we all know,China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 The visitor came from a developed country. 这位游客来自一个发达国家。 4.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别     意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语,可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果,相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语,且与主句主语构成被动关系。 1. 作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句;可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等,使其时间意义更明确。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看,这个公园非常美丽。 (=When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.) Don’t speak until spoken to. 当别人和你讲话时,你才能讲话。 (=Don’t speak until you are spoken to) 2. 作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。 Touched by his teacher’s words, the boy cried. 这个男孩被老师的话打动了,所以他哭了。 (=The boy was touched by his teacher’s wor ... ...

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