英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解（一对一）（无答案）

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解 句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Young people should respect the old men. 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征，只有动词才可作谓语。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语 1. We love China. 2. We have read this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.（名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) 找出下列句中的表语。 1. I am a teacher. 2. They are on the playground. 3. My job is teaching English. 4. It gets cold. 5. It sounds interesting. 4.宾语（object）：动作的承受者--及物动词或介词的宾语 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need We need two. （数词） Are you afraid of the snake 找出下列句子的宾语部分： 1. We often help him. 2. They are talking about the new student. 5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： We elected him monitor.（名词） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) 7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 He is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting-room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 句子结构 简单句的五大基本句型 1.主＋谓(不及物动词) She came．/ My head aches. 2.主＋谓（及物动词)＋宾 She likes English. 3.主＋系(系动词)＋表 She is happy． 4.主＋谓＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave John a book. 5.主＋谓＋宾 ＋宾补 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. Exercises ： 分析下列句子成分 Our school is not far from my home. It is a great pleasure to talk with you All of us think him honest. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. He broke a piece of glass. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 翻译练习： 主谓结 ... ...