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2024年初中英语语法主谓一致之语法一致与邻近一致原则(含答案)

日期:2024-06-05 科目:英语 类型:初中教案 查看:66次 大小:15925Byte 来源:二一课件通
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一致,语法,2024年,初中,英语,主谓
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2024年初中英语语法主谓一致之语法一致与邻近一致原则 主谓一致的原则一: 语法一致原则   语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致, 即通常情况下, 谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定, 主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式, 主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。例如: He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。     掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则, 要注意两个特殊问题:   (1)主语前、 后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响, 尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时, 谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。例如: Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会。// A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。// Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外, 没人知道这件事。   (2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时, 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物, 谓语动词用复数形式; 如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志), 谓语动词需用单数形式。例如: What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。// The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。// A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。// Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。   注意: 对于由and连接的并列主语, 前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时, 谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如: Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。// Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。// Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。// No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。// No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。   [1] We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ____ so small that a day is unimportant.   A. is B. are C. has been D. have been   [答案] A   [解析] 决定下划线处谓语动词单、 复数形式的主语应是the time, 其后面定语“of days and weeks”包含的复数名词对谓语动词的形式不构成影响。   [2] The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.   A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going   [答案] C   [解析] 下划线处与单数形式的主语the father搭配, 不受as well as his three children的影响, 因此应排除选项B、 D。根据状语“every Sunday afternoon in winter”提供的信息, 下划线处应该用一般现在时表示与现在相关的经常性活动, 因此应进一步排除A而选出C。   [3] Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.   A. work B. working C. is working D. are working   [答案] C   [解析] 谓语动词的单复数形式由主语Professor Smith决定, 不受插入语alo ... ...

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