2024届高考英语非谓语动词（一）——动词-todo形式学案（含答案）

非谓语动词（一）———动词-todo形式 链接高考： 1.（2023年高考英语全国甲卷）Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. 2.（2023年高考英语全国新高考I 卷）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. 3.（2023年高考英语全国新高考II 卷）To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. 4.（2023年高考英语全国新高考II 卷）I promised to take care of Tiffy and them as soon as we got to Kansas City. 5.（2023年高考英语全国乙 卷）years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. 6.（2023年高考英语全国乙 卷）I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. 动词不定式： 动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 1. 动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。 语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主 动 to take to have taken to be taking to have been tak ing 被 动 to be taken to have been taken 动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help others is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help others. （2）作表语：My job is to teach them English. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如： The government plan is to set up another middle school for the village children.政府的计划是给山区再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。） （3）作宾语：① 作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；② 作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③ 动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give them some advice on what to do next （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man ... ...