2024年初中英语语法考点归纳之表语从句讲义

2024年初中英语语法考点归纳之表语从句讲解 一、什么是表语从句？ 表语从句是在复合句中充当表语的从句。表语从句的作用是说明主语是什么，可以由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当。在英语语法中，表语从句属于名词性从句的范畴。 举例来说: The book that I read last week is very interesting.（我上周读的这本书非常有趣。） She is the girl who likes to play basketball.（她喜欢打篮球那个女孩就是她。） The news that he heard made him very happy.（他听到的那条消息让他非常开心。） 需要注意的是，表语从句通常由连词that, whether, or not引导，也可以用其他连词或副词引导。在口语和非正式文体中，表语从句常用简单句或倒装句形式表示。 二、表语从句的构成： 关联词+简单句 以连词that引导，其结构为: 主语+ that + 表语。例如: The book that I read last week is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。) The news that he heard made him very happy.(他听到的那条消息让他非常开心。) 以连词whether引导，其结构为: whether + 主语 + 表语（或 not）。例如: Whether it rains or not, we have to continue with our plans.(无论下雨与否，我们都必须按计划进行。) Whether you like it or not, you have to do it.(你喜欢也好不喜欢也罢，你必须去做。) 以连词or not引导，其结构为: 主语 + or + 表语（或 not）。例如: I am not sure if she will come or not.(我不确定她是否会来。) Whether you are coming or not, we will wait for you here.(无论你来不来，我们都会在这里等你。) 三、引导表语从句关联词种类： 1. 接表语从句的连系动词包括be,look,seem,sound,appear等。这些连系动词后面通常接表语从句，用来说明主语的状态或特征。例如: The weather today is very nice.(今天天气非常好。) She looks very happy.(她看起来很开心。) The music sounds beautiful.(音乐听起来很美妙。) The house appears to be very old.(这个房子看起来很古老。) 需要注意的是，有些连词如become, grow, get, turn等也可以作为连系动词使用，后面也接表语从句。例如: She became very happy when she heard the good news.(当她听到好消息时，她非常开心。) The tree grew tall over the years.(这棵树在这些年越长越高。) The sun got behind the clouds, and the sky turned dark.(太阳躲在云里了，天空变得阴暗了。) 2. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though引导的表语从句通常用于条件状语从句中。它们的作用是说明在某种条件下会发生什么样的情况。例如: Whether it rains or not, we have to continue with our plans.(无论下雨与否，我们都必须按计划进行。) As long as you are happy, I am content.(只要你幸福，我就满足了。) As if / though he was a movie star, he always had a lot of people around him.(好像他是电影明星一样，他总是有很多粉丝围绕着他。) 需要注意的是， whether和as在条件状语从句中使用虚拟语气，而as if / though则使用真实语气。例如: I wonder whether I should stay or go.(我在想我到底是留下来还是离开。) As if he was a movie star, he always had a lot of people around him.(好像他是电影明星一样，他总是有很多粉丝围绕着他。) 3.because和why都可以引导表语从句，但它们之间有一些区别。 because引导的表语从句通常用于解释原因，后面的句子通常表达某种结果或影响。例如: I didn’t go to bed because I was too tired.(我因为太累了所以没有睡觉。) She didn’t pass the exam because she was not serious enough.(她没有通过考试 ... ...