2024年初中英语语法复习之虚拟语气从句中的用法讲义

2024年初中英语语法复习之虚拟语气从句中的用法 虚拟语气是表示假设、愿望、建议、警告、请求等的一种语气。它通常由连系动词(如be,do,have)和情态动词(如can,should,would)构成。虚拟语气用于对某种情况做出假设或表达某种愿望、建议、警告或请求。例如: If I were you, I would take a break.(如果我是你，我就休息一下。) If I were to win the lottery, I would buy a big house for my family.(如果我中了彩票，我会给我的家人买一所大房子。) She said she wished she could come to the party, but she had to work.(她说她希望能来参加聚会，但她得工作。) A．在名词性从句中，虚拟语气用于表达说话者对某种情况的假设、愿望、建议、警告或请求。例如: If he were here, he would help you.(如果他在这里，他会帮你。) If I were you, I would not go to that party.(如果我是你，我就不去那个聚会。) If I were you, I would take a break.(如果我是你，我就休息一下。) 需要注意的是，在有些情况下，名词性从句中的虚拟语气可以省略。例如: If it were raining, we would stay inside.(如果外面下雨了，我们就待在家里。) If I had more time, I would finish my homework.(如果我有更多时间，我会完成我的作业。) 1．主语从句中的虚拟语气 在主语从句中，虚拟语气用于表达说话者对某种情况的假设、愿望、建议、警告或请求。例如: If he were here, he would help you.(如果他在这里，他会帮你。) If I were you, I would not go to that party.(如果我是你，我就不去那个聚会。) If I were you, I would take a break.(如果我是你，我就休息一下。) 需要注意的是，在有些情况下，主语从句中的虚拟语气可以省略。例如: If it were raining, we would stay inside.(如果外面下雨了，我们就待在家里。) If I had more time, I would finish my homework.(如果我有更多时间，我会完成我的作业。) 必背 常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词 常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词包括: If only(要是…就好了):表示说话者对某种情况的假设、愿望或后悔。例如: - If only I had studied harder in school, I would be a doctor now.(要是我在学校学习更努力就好了，现在我就是医生了。) - If only he could come to the party!(他要能来参加聚会就好了!) Only if(只有…才):表示说话者对某种情况的假设或条件性的建议、要求或警告。例如: - Only if we work hard can we achieve our goals.(只有我们努力工作，才能实现我们的目标。) - Only if you study hard will you pass this exam.(只有你努力学习，才能通过这次考试。) -Provided that(只要…就):表示说话者对某种情况的假设或条件性的建议、要求或警告。例如: - Provided that you study hard, you will pass this exam.(只要你努力学习，你就能通过这次考试。) - Provided that you stay positive, you will overcome your problems.(只要你保持积极心态，你就能够克服问题。) Assuming that(假设…):表示说话者对某种情况的假设或条件性的建议、要求或警告。例如: - Assuming that you study hard, you will pass this exam.(假设你努力学习，你就能通过这次考试。) - Assuming that he comes to the party, we will have a good time.(假设他来参加聚会，我们就会玩得很开心。) 2．宾语从句 宾语从句中的虚拟语气是一种表示假设、条件、建议、命令等的从句，常常使用“should + 动词原形”来表示虚拟语气。根据所述，在宾语从句中需用“(should) + do”虚拟语气的动词有:坚持(insist)、号令(order、command)、提议(suggest、advise、propose)、要求(demand、requi ... ...