定语从句（精心整理版）

定语从句 定语从句概念：在复合句中作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句一般后置。如： Mary is a girl who likes purple.玛丽是一个喜欢紫色的女孩。 定于从句的相关术语： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。如上句中的girl。 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两类。如上句中的who就是关系代词。 eg：I love singers （who write their own songs）.→定语从句 先行词 关系代词 结构：…先行词+ 引导词+ （主语）+ 谓语（单复数与先行词保持一致） 3.定语从句的引导词有： 关系代词：who，whom，that，which，whose 关系副词：when，where，why 先行词是引导词在句中所作成份 人 事物 人+物 是否可省略 作主语 who/that that/which that 不可省 作宾语 who/ whom/that that/which that 可省 作定语 whose whose whose 不可省 地点状语 where 不可省 时间状语 when 原因状语 why （一）关系代词：who，whom，that，which，whose 1.关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面： (1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。关系代词在句中作宾语或定语，从句谓语动词应与从句主语一致。 eg.The man who live s downstairs speaks English well.（作主语）住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3（作主语）年级的学生明天去爬山。 He is the man whom/who/that Helen met yesterday.(作宾语) We like music which/ that we can dance to.（作宾语） This is a house whose door faces the north.（作定语） (2) 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。 eg. Mrs. Smi th (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。 This is the book (which) you are looking for. 这是那本你正在找的书。 There are some films (that) I’d like to see. 有几部电影我想去看。 (3) 口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who，且也可以省略。 eg. The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) man (whom / who) you were talking about has come to our school.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。 (4) 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom, which之前（不可放在that之前） eg.The man (whom) I borrowed the book from is Li Lei.→ The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. 我借书的那个人是李雷。The house (which) he lives in is quite large.→ The house in which he lives is quite large.他住的房子很大。 应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略，另外，若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。 e.g. The di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ctionary which you are looking for is on the desk. 你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。 The s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )ick man whom she is taking care of is her farther. 她在照顾的病人是她父亲。 whose通常指人也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in Whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. ④ Do you like teh book whose color is yellow Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 4 ... ...