高中英语语法直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语 直接引语和间接引语的概念 类别比较 直接引语 间接引语 定义 直接引用别人的原话 用自己的话转述别人的话 不同点 直接引语前后要加引号 间接引语不用引号 相同点 直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句（由祈使句转化而来的间接引语除外） 例句 Tom said, “I’m afraid that I can’t finish the work.” Mary told me that she would leave for London the next morning. 直接引语变间接引语的时态规律 1. 直接引语变间接引语的时态变化 种类条件 直接引语→间接引语 例句 间接引语谓语变化(主句中谓语动词的时态是过去时) 一般现在时→一般过去时 He insisted, “I’m the happiest father all over the world.” →He insisted that he was the happiest father all over the world. 现在进行时→过去进行时 John explained, “I’m operating the washing machine now.” →John explained that he was operating the washing machine then. 现在完成时→过去完成时 The woman exclaimed, “I has lost control of my son.” →The woman exclaimed that she had lost control of her son. 一般过去时→过去完成时 Old Ben said, “I experienced the well-known civil war.” →Old Ben said that he had experienced the well-known civil war. 过去完成时→过去完成时 Carla answered, “I had passed the driving test last year”. →Carla answered that she had passed the driving test the year before. 一般将来时→过去将来时 Little Tony promised, “I’ll finish my homework on time.” →Little Tony promised that he would finish his homework on time. must→had to/must The boss shouted, “All of you must leave here at once.” →The boss shouted that all of them had to/must leave here at once. can/may→could/might Joy whispered, “I may not obey your direction at this time.” →Joy whispered that she might not obey my direction at that time. shall/will→should/would The teacher required, “You shall depend on yourself on the way to success.” →The teacher required that we should depend on myself on the way to success. 2. 直接引语变间接引语的时态不变 条件种类 a. 直接引语的性质 例句 间接引语谓语不变 表示客观、永恒的真理、规律或格言时 The teacher said, “Ev erything has two sides just like a coin.” →The teacher said that everything has two sides just like a coin. 表示习惯性、反复性的动作或状态时 “My father al ways has a cup of milk after supper,” said Ann. →Ann said that her father has a cup of milk after supper. 表示谈话时动作仍然在继续时 Tony introduced, “B oth of my sisters are English teachers.” →Tony introduced that both of his sisters are English teachers. 表示过去完成时态的概念时 The minister reco gnized, “I hadn’t realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence.” →The minister recognized that he hadn’t realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence.” 表示明确的过去时间概念时 The engineer said , “I started to work here in 1980.” →The engineer said that he started to work there in 1980. 表示含有when, while, since等从句时 “When I was a bay, I o ften went fishing in this river,” said Dad. →Dad said that when he was a boy, he often went fishing in this river. 表示含有wish, would rather, it’s ... ...