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课件网) 语法突破 写作指导 宾语从句 1.定义:在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。 2.用法: 时态 ①主句是现在时或将来时,从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。 Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me. 汤姆告诉我约翰对我评价很高。 ②主句是一般过去时,从句通常用过去的某种时态。 I asked the old man if/whether he had been to Beijing. 我问这个老人是否去过北京。 ③从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象,无论主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。 The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun. 老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳转。 语序 陈述句作宾语从句,仍然用原陈述语序;疑问句作宾语从句时,原来的倒装语序要改为陈述语序。 Tom wanted to know if I could make a cake for you. 汤姆想知道我是否能给你做个蛋糕。 Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon. 杰克问我今天下午谁给我们作报告。 引导词 ①在that引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。 He said (that) he was going to meet his pen pal in Beijing. 他说他将要去北京见他的笔友。 ②what, when, where, how, whatever, whenever, wherever, who, whom, whose 等特殊疑问词作引导词。 They want to know how old you are. 他们想知道你多大岁数。 ③当宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来时,引导词用whether 或 if,意为“是否”。 He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him. 他问我是否愿意和他一起打篮球。 定语从句 在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句须用关系代词或关系副词来引导,它们位于先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。 1.关系代词的基本用法 (1)that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,可以指人、物。如:The watch that my father bought was made in Shanghai.我爸爸买的那块手表产自上海。 (2)who在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,指人。如: Do you know the teacher who wears glasses 你认识那位戴眼镜的老师吗 (3)whom在从句中作宾语,指人。如: The boy whom my mother is talking to is my cousin.我妈妈正在与之谈话的男孩是我表弟。 (4)which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,指物。如: This is an old book which my father bought for me when I was 10. 这本旧书是我10岁时爸爸给我买的。 (5)whose在从句中作定语,指人、物。如: The little girl whose hair is curly won the first prize.那个长着卷发的小女孩获得了一等奖。 注意:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。如: Mary is the girl (that/who) they are looking for. 玛丽是他们正在寻找的女孩。 2.关系副词的基本用法 (1)why在从句中作状语,指原因。如: He didn’t say the reason why he was late. 他没有说他迟到的原因。 (2)where在从句中作状语,指地点。如: I visited the village where my father was born last week.上周我参观了我爸爸出生的村庄。 (3)when在从句中作状语,指时间。如: I’ll never forget the day when I joined the club. 我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 3.修饰人或物只用that的情况 (1)先行词为指物的不定代词all,much,little,few, everything,something,anything,nothing。 (2)先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词及the last,the only,the very,all,no时。 (3)先行词既有人,又有物时。 (4)主句是who/which引导的特殊疑问句时。 Ⅰ.句型转换 1.My brother isn’t good at scie ... ...
