词形变化：掌握可数名词复数、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、动词的各种形式的变化等。 构词法 合成法：由两个或两个以上的词构成，如： 名词：homework （回家作业） post office （邮局） dining-room （餐厅） 形容词：everyday （每日的） outdoor （室外的） hardworking （努力工作的） 派生法 常见前缀 前缀 意义 例词 un- 表示否定 usual（不寻常的） unhealthy（不健康的） im- impossible（不可能的） dis- dishonest（不诚实的） dislike（不喜欢） re- 再一次，重新 retell（复述） review（复习） 常见后缀 名词后缀 后缀 意义 例词 -er 表示人 worker（工人） farmer（农夫） -or actor（演员） editor（编辑） -ist scientist（科学家） artist（艺术家） -(t)ion 词义不变，表示过程、结果、状况、程度等抽象意思 invention（发明） collection （收集） -ness kindness（仁慈） illness（疾病） -ment amusement（娱乐） development（发展） -th length（长度） truth（真相） -(t)y safety（安全） discovery（发现） 形容词后缀 后缀 意义 例词 -able 可……的，能……的 changeable（易变的） enjoyable（愉快的） -ful 充满……的，有……特性的 useful（有用的） beautiful（美丽的） -y 有……特性的 healthy（健康的） sunny（阳光明媚的） -ly 有……性质的，有……特性的 friendly（友好的） lovely（可爱的） -less 无，没有，不，缺 homeless（无家可归的） careless（粗心的） 副词后缀 后缀 意义 例词 -ly 以……方式 quickly（快地） angrily（生气地） 转化法 单词词形不变，但是词性和词义发生了变化。 Would you please pass me the book on the shelf (词性：名词；含义：书本) The ticket for the concert can be booked from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. (词性：动词；含义：订票) He opened the window to air the room. (词性：动词；含义：打开) Jane came into the room and left the door open. (词性：形容词；含义：开着的) 单词词形不变，但是读音、词性或词义发生了变化。 A. /r k d/ B. / rek d/ You should keep a record of your expense during your trip. (词性：名词；含义：记录；音标：/r k d/) You should record all your expenses during your trip. (词性：动词；含义：做记录；音标：/ rek d/) I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。 Yesterday we read many interesting _____ in Shanghai Library. (story) There used to be many nice _____ for children in that shop. (toy) Lucy was frightened to see two _____ running in the kitchen. (mouse) June 1 is _____ Day in China. (child) Alice’s birthday is on the _____ of December, just the same day as mine. (nine) When John was in his _____, he became a very popular writer. (forty) I have been to Hong Kong _____. (two) Do you know if the picture was painted in the _____ century (twelve) Next Saturday is my brother’s _____ birthday. (fourteen) Please help _____ to the apples on the table, Mary. (you) “Enjoy _____, everyone.” Mother said to the guests at our party. (you) Ms. Black will teach _____ spoken English next term. (we) There are three _____ in the football team. (Germany) We congratulated the _____ of the competition on their wonderful performances. (win) The reporter went to the sea with several _____ to look for the lost boat. (fish) As a _____, her job is to ... ...
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