选择性必修二 Unit 4 Journey Across A Vast Land 单元语法及写作 一、单元语法（过去分词作表语和状语） （一）doing与done形式作表语和状语时的比较 1. done与doing形式作表语时，done形式通常用于说明人，表示“某人感到…”之意；而doing则主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，有“某物是令人…”之意； We were amazed to find that no one liked this brand. By the way, the recipe is simply amazing. 2. done和doing形式做状语时，一般在句子中表示原因，时间或伴随状态等，done形式与其逻辑主语之间时被动关系，往往含有完成意义，而doing形式则表示主动关系。 Seen from the hill, the city looks awesome. Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit. （二）过去分词作表语 1. 过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等后面作表语，表示主语所处的情绪或状态。 The chef seemed quite delighted at the news. The door remained locked. 2. “be+done”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时的过去分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。 比较：The book is well written. The book was written by Mo Yan. 3. 英语中由很多与感觉有关的使令动词，其doing表示主动意义，即“令人…的”，多用来修饰物；其done形式表示“感到…的”，多用来修饰人，人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词：amaze, surprise; astonish; shock; excite; inspire; encourage; disappoint; interest; move; frighten; tire; worry; puzzle, confuse; satisfy等。 （三）过去分词或短语作状语 过去分词或短语作状语，表动作发生的背景或情况，可在句子中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，及构成被动关系。 When completed, the canal will connect the river with the lake.(时间) Lost in deep thought, I didn’t notice what was happening outside.(原因) Given another hour, I can also work out the problem.(条件) Beaten by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other.(让步) The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl.(方式或伴随) 注意：1. 过去分词或短语作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when, though, although, as if/though, if, unless, until, once等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。 When exposed to light, potatoes will turn green. 2. 过去分词或短语作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，则构成独立主格结构。 If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. The incident puzzling me considerably, I’m eager for your help. 3. 逻辑主语和过去分词或短语之间存在被动关；而与doing之间存在主动关系。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was late for the interview. Looking out of the window, I saw some students sweeping up the bits of paper. I. 单句语法填空 1. Both he and I are _____(satisfy) with the writer’s craft. 2. The girl accepted a bunch of roses, deeply _____(move). 3. _____(fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. 4. As you know, once _____(pour), water can’t be taken back. 5. _____(see) those pictures, he couldn’t help _____(think) of happy days in the dairy. 6. The news from the mall was _____ and they were all _____ at it. (excite) 7. The chefs all felt _____at the __ ... ...
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