2023-2024学年高一英语提升学与练专题04：动词的时态和语态学案（含解析）

第04讲 动词的时态和语态 目录 语法导航：温习语法知识 小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升 考点一：一般时态 一般现在时 表示现在经常性，习惯性的动作或状态。 ·He usually goes to school by bike. ( 2 ) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实及格言警句。 ·The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ( 3 ) 用于here,there 开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或状态。 ·Look ! Here comes the bus. (4 ) 用在时间，条件或让步状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，或用祈使句表示将来的动作，从句则常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 ·As long as it doesn’t rain tomorrow ,we will have a trip on schedule. 一般过去时 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的动作。 ·A few months after he had arrived in China, Ms.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there. ( 2 ) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always,usually,often,sometimes,never等连用。 ·I always got up late,and neverhad enough time for breakfast. ( 3 ) 在确定的表示过去的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 ·I didn’t think I’d like the movie ,but actually it was pretty good. ·Edward, you play so well. But I didn’t know you played the piano. ( 4 ) 在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中通常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。 ·She said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 一般将来时 （1）基本表达法 一般将来时的基本形式:shall/will+动词原形，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall（也可用will)。在口语中，will可用于各种人称。 ·The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. ( 2 )其他表达法 A.be going to动词原形 表示说话者主观打算做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事 Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer. B.be to+动词原形 表示按计划、安排等将要发生的动作或表示禁止、命令、义务或可能性 ·You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.(表示命令) ·A meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(表示按安排将要发生) ·The books in the library are not to be taken outside.(表示禁止) C.be about to+动词原形 表示马上或眼下就要发生的动作,意为“正要;即将”，一般不与具体的将来时间状语连用,但常与 when 连用。 ·Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird D.一般现在时表示将来 一些动词，如 go，arrive，leave, start, stay. return begin，come等，用一般现在时表示 按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。 ·We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock. 表示位置转移的动词，如go，come，leave,start, arrive, return, run out 等,可用现有进行时表示按计划预定的或即将发生的动作 ·Food supplies in the flood stricken area are running out. We must a immediately before there's none left. 考点二： 完成时态 1.现在完成时（have/has +done） ( 1 ) 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而且对现在仍有影响。 ·The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months. ·China’s high-speed railways have grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. ( 2 ) 表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间 ... ...