人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions专题06新课学习学案（语法学习&写作过关）（含解析）

第07讲 新课学习必修第三册Unit4（语法学习&写作过关） 目录 语法导航：学习语法知识 写作导航：学习单元写作 小试牛刀：基础精练+能力提升 过去分词（一）作定语和宾语补足语 过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。 规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。 过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。 一．过去分词作定语的用法 （一）过去分词作定语的位置 1. 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即 放在被修饰词之前。 注意：有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。 tired visitors a well-organised trip beautifully dressed stars The disease was caused by polluted water. We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. He is one of those invited. 2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait a trip organised well by my workplace stars dressed beautifully at the event The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. （二）过去分词作定语的时态和语态 1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成。 过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。 过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 I don't like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). It is a house built by the Romans（= which was built by the Romans）. The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）, has been solved. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Union Jack）. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。 fallen leaves boiled water the developed countries 注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别： 现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主动关系，且该动作正在进行，即表“主动、进行”； 过去分词作定语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成，即表“被动、完成”。 The workers building the houses work day and night.（workers和build是主动关系） The houses built last year are for the villagers .（houses和build是被动关系） 二．过去分词作宾语补足语的用法 “及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。 1.用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. They had castles built all around England. 3.用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible. The father wants his daughter taught Japanese. 4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。 With the work finished, he went out for a walk. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别： 过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系 ... ...