(课件网) Grammar and usage Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 一、过去分词作定语 1.过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。 The recovered animals will be released soon. 痊愈的动物很快会被释放。 (2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. 上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 2.过去分词作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。 Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动) 卡车和公共汽车都是靠装在车顶上的大袋子里的煤气驱动。 The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成) 会议上提出的计划将很快被执行。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week. 上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们比赛了。 The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上已升起的太阳正灿烂地照耀着。 3.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别 意义 形式 语态 时态 过去分词 被动 完成 现在分词 主动 进行 As we all know，China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 The visitor comes from a developed country. 这名游客来自一个发达国家。 4.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语时的区别 意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our teaching building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our teaching building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our teaching building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 本句中的Written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。 过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。 1.过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。 Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address)，the boy didn’t respond. 被问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。 2.过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。 Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision)，he refused to attend the meeting. 由于对这个决定感到恼火，他拒绝参加会议。 3.过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。 Given more time(＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller. 如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。 Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature)，water will change into vapor. 如果加热到 ... ...
