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课件网) The Passive Voice 被动语态 01 被动语态的概念 02 主动变被动的方法 03 主动表被动的情况 04 随堂练习 01 被动语态的概念 ＊英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态 ＊主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 ＊被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 ＊只有及物动词才有被动语态 执行者 承受者 主动语态： The fat duck hit the fat goose. 被动语态： The fat goose was hit by the fat duck. 被动语态结构： 主语 + be p.p + by+宾语+其他成分 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done / / 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done be + p.p ★情态动词的被动结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词 2.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 1.强调动作的承受者。 3.动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物。 The book was taken away by my teacher. More trees must be planted every year. The house was struck by lightening. 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况： 4.习惯用法 如be born, be located, be dressed, be determined, be seated, be devoted等。 02 主动变被动的方法 ＊We clean the classroom. ＊The classroom is cleaned by us. 方法： 1.宾变主，2.主变宾，前加by 3.动变被 The little prince 句型一：主语+谓语+宾语 Rose ＊They gave the children many books. ＊The children were given many books by them. ＊Many books were given to the children by them. 句型二：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 方法：当主动句含有两个宾语时，有两种方法变为被动句。 1.间宾变主语，主语变宾语，谓语主动变被动； 2.直宾变主语，前面需添加适当的介词（for、to等），主语变宾语，谓语主动变被动。 ＊Tips: 有些双宾语及物动词在变为被动语态时，不能将间接宾语转化为被动句的主语。 主动句：She wrote me a long letter. 被动句：I was written a long letter.(×） 被动句：A long letter was written to me.(√） Rose Fox 句型三：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 ＊We made him leader of the team. ＊He was made leader of the team by us. 方法：1.宾变主，2.主变宾，前加by 3.动变被 Fox ＊Tips: 使役动词和感官动词后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动语态时，to要还原，不能省略（let除外）。若其后接现在分词，在变为被动语态时，保持不变。 The teacher made the students stay in the classroom. →The students were made to stay in the classroom. ＊使役动词和感官动词有： 一感（feel),二听（hear,listen to),三让（make,have,let),四看（look at,see,watch,notice) 主动变被动的步骤总结 ＊ Step 1:一找_____ ＊ Step 2:二定_____ ＊ Step 3:三变_____ ＊ Step 4:四别忘_____ 主宾 时态 be+p.p by 03 主动表被动的情况 1.在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. (to drink的逻辑宾语是句子的主语water) The girl isn’t easy to get along with. (to get along with的逻辑宾语是the girl) 2.be to blame, be to rent两种结构中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 The house is to rent. The truck driver was to blame. 在“too...to”和”enough to“结构中，可用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 The box is too heavy to carry. Now mobile phones are cheap enough to buy. 3.在“hav ... ...
