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课件网) Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations Discovering Useful Structures 动词-ing形式作定语 一、现在分词作定语 1. 单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之前。表示现在分词的动作正在进行，分词和所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。 (1) 表示被修饰者的动作或状态。在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 a sleeping boy = a boy that is sleeping a moving train (2) 形容词化的动词-ing形式作定语，相当于形容词，用来修饰物，表示其特征或性质，意为“令人……的”。如：exciting，amusing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing等。 He asked me an embarrassing question. 2. 现在分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，意思上相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a room facing the street. The man standing there is Peter’s father. (=that faced the street) (=who is standing there) (1) 表示正在进行的动作，变为定语从句时要用进行时态。 ① Did you see the girl dancing with your brother. →Did you see the girl who was dancing with your brother. ②The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow. →The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow. (2) 表示经常性、习惯性动作或当时的状态，变为定语从句时多用一般现在时态或一般过去时态。 ①We lived in a room facing the south. →We lived in a room which/that faced the south. ②The factory making these pens is a small one. →The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one. 3. 现在分词短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。 His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. → His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 4. 当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done。 The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The man being questioned is connected with the traffic accident. 句型转换 (1)The taxi that took us to the airport broke down. →The taxi _____ us to the airport broke down. (2)The problem that is being discussed is about food safety. →The problem _____ is about food safety. (3) It was an experience that frightened everyone. →It was _____. taking being discussed a frightening experience 二、动名词（短语）作定语 动名词作定语用于说明被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，相当于介词 for 短语。常放在被修饰词之前，且与被修饰词没有逻辑上的主谓关系。 a waiting room = a room for waiting 等候室 a walking stick = a stick for walking 拐杖 a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 卧铺 a fishing net = a net for fishing 渔网 单句语法填空 1. The boy _____ (wear) a sad look said “I can’t find my parents.” 2. They set up an _____ (operate) table in a small temple to save the injured soldier. 3. Those students _____ (hope) to enter that university should work really hard. 4. People _____ (live) in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. 5. The story poses an _____ (interest) question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their day ... ...
