(
课件网) Review “We regret _____(inform) you...” These are the words that every writer dreads _____ (receive). After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed _____ (print) 500 copies of her first book. J.D. Salinger started _____(write) short stories in high school, but later struggled _____ (get) his works published. Despite rejections from several publishers, J.D. Salinger refused _____ (give) up. When it was eventually published, the book became an immediate best-seller and went on _____(sell) millions and millions of copies. Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop _____ (try). Keep _____ (try) and eventually you will read the words. to inform receiving to print writing to get to give trying trying to sell Look at the sentences and answer the questions. a. J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school, ... b. J.D.Salinger started to write short stories in high school, ... 1. Do sentences (a) and (b) have the same meaning Grammar: -ing and to-infinitive as object Yes, they do. Look at the sentences and answer the questions. c. Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop trying. d. Nevertheless, the sisters didn’t stop to try. 2. Do sentences (c) and (d) have the same meaning Grammar: -ing and to-infinitive as object No, they don’t. Look at the sentences and answer the questions. e. These are the words that every writer dreads receiving, ... 3. Can “receiving” in sentence (e) be changed into “to receive” Grammar: -ing and to-infinitive as object No, it can’t. dread to do sth是害怕去做某事，不敢去做某事 dread doing sth是害怕做某事，没有特定指将来的意思，主要强调对于做某事是的一种习惯。 Grammar Focus -ing and to -infinitive as object 动词+-ing 动词+ to-infinitive 语义无区别 语义有区别 动词 + -ing（只能接-ing作宾语) 动词 + to-infinitive（只能接 to-infinitive作宾语) 一、接不定式作宾语的动词 1．常接动词不定式作宾语的动词： agree, afford, offer, intend, plan, demand, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, fail, pretend, wish/hope/want/expect, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, aim, hesitate, seem, happen ①I plan to finish the novel. 我计划完成那部小说。 (to finish the novel在句中作宾语) ②He pretended to be sleeping when I came in. 我进去的时候，他假装在睡觉。 (to be sleeping在句中作宾语) 一、接不定式作宾语的动词 2．动词不定式作宾语，通常有三种形式： (1)一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词的动作(状态)同时发生，或是在它之后发生。当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的发出者时，用主动形式(to do)；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受者时，用被动形式(to be done)。 He appears to be very happy. 他看起来很高兴。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。 He refused to be photographed. 他拒绝让人拍照。 一、接不定式作宾语的动词 (2)进行式(to be doing)：动词不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或动作正在进行。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，碰巧在下雨。 (3)完成式(to have done)：动词不定 ... ...
