2024届高考英语题型精析03.阅读理解之主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳)(原卷板+解析版)

03.主旨大意解题 【题型总览】 【题型特征】 主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。 【常考类型】 题型1 段落大意题 每个段落都有一个中心思想,且中心思想通常会在段落的首句或尾句体现出来,这个句子就是常说的段落主题句。没有给出明显的主题句时,要根据段落内容概括出段落大意 题型2 文章大意题 考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,即考查考生的归纳概括能力 题型3 标题归纳题 概括出文章的中心思想,并对中心思想再次加以提炼,拟定出文章的标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子 【设题趋势】 1.段落大意题 What does the author tell us in Paragraph... Which of the following can best summarize Para.... What is the...paragraph mainly about 等。 2.文章大意题 What’s the main idea/point of the passage Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage 等。 3.标题归纳题 Which of the following is the best title of the passage What would be the best title for the passage 等。 【题型精析】 【题型1】段落大意题 【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·D篇节选) This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment. 【解答思路】 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词: What, Paragraph 2, is...mainly about 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(第二段) 第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第一段引出了“群体智慧”效应,并解释什么是“群体智慧”效应,即大量人独立做估计,如果把这些独立估计平均起来,得到的平均数还是很准确的。紧接着,第二段分 ... ...