2024年人教版中考英语复习专项---被动语态讲解及练习（学生版+教师版）

被 动 语 态 一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示（ 主语是动作的执行者 ），即是主语在做这个动作；被动语态表示（ 主语是动作的承受者 ），即动作的对象。 主动句：He plants trees in spring. 被动句：Trees are planted by him in spring. 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由（ be动词+动词的过去分词 ）构成。若要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后边需接（by...，译为“被(由)……”）。被动语态的句子有时态、人称、数的变化，这个变化都由（ 助动词be ）来承担。 主动语态变被动语态 谓语主动变被动，be +“过分”来使用； 宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟； 无论时态是哪种，都在be上来变动。 1. 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语； 2. 把主动句的谓语变为被动句的“be +动词过去分词”，（时态要跟原主动语态一致）； 3. 主动句的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（或省略）， 主动句：People play football all over the world. 被动句：Football are played all over the world (by people) . 特殊结构的被动语态 1. 双宾语结构的被动语态 （直物间人） 主动句：My teacher gives me a lot of books. 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动句：(1) I am given a lot of books by my teacher. A lot of books are given to me by my teacher. 主动句： I buy Tom a pencil. 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动句：(1) Tom is bought a pencil (by me) (2) A pencil is bought for Tom (by me). 主动结构中如果有两个宾语，变成被动结构时，只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语保留不变（即：变一留一）。如果把间接宾语变成主语，原来的直接宾语仍然作宾语；如果把直接宾语变成主语，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。 被动结构：主语(sb.)+be +v-ed + 直接宾语(sth.) + by sb. 主语(sth.)+be +v-ed + to/for+ 间接宾语(sb.) + by sb. 间接宾语前需要加for的动词：(buy, sing, find, get, cook, make, offer等)。 间接宾语前需要加to的动词：(give, tell, lend, show, pass, hand等)。 2. 含复合宾语的被动语态 当主动结构中含有复合宾语，即“宾语+宾语补足语”时，变成被动语态时只将宾语变成主语，而宾补原封不动。 ① We all call the boy Li Hua. → The boy is called Li Hua (by us all). ② We see the boy sleeping.→ The boy is seen sleeping (by us). ③ The teacher asks the students to come early. → The students are asked to come early (by the teacher). （考点） 主动句中感官动词“一感觉(feel)”；“两听(hear, listen to)”；“三使(make, let, have)”；“四看(see, watch, look, notice)”； help(半帮助，因为后面的to可要可不要)等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。 She helps her sister clean the washroom. →Her sister is helped to clean the washroom (by her). She makes her daughter play the piano every day. →Her daughter is made to play the piano every day (by her). 3. 含有短语动词的被动语态 “动词+介词/副词”构成的短语动词，变成被动句时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可与动词拆开或漏掉。如look at, look for, put up等。 1.They look after the babies . →The babies are looked after (by them). 2.They take good care of the babies in the hospital. →The babies are taken good care of in the hospital (by them). 三、被动语态的用法(主要用于以下几种情况) 1. 强调动作的承受者。 This novel is liked by most young people. 2. 不知道动作的执行者或者没有必要 ... ...