(
课件网) 难题解析 合肥二模试卷 阅读C篇 阅读C篇 1、Some languages are rapid-fire and others more unhurried -- but there is no difference in the speed at which information is shared, according to the new research. 2、The world's 7000 or so languages differ greatly not only in their range of available phonemes -- the units of sound that make up speech, but also in the pace at which these building blocks are thrown together in speech. But the new research into the information content in speech shows that languages allow their speakers to communicate about the same amount of information per second despite wide variations in the speed of speech. 世界上大约7000种语言不仅在可用音素--构成语音的声音单位的范围上有很大的不同，而且在这些语音组成语块的节奏上也有很大的不同。但对语音中信息内容的新研究表明，尽管语音速度差异很大，但语言允许说话者每秒交流大约相同数量的信息量。 一些语言反应迅速，而另一些则不慌不忙———但根据这项新研究，信息分享的速度并没有什么不同。 3、To understand this better, researchers led by Christophe Coupe from the University of Lyon and Yoon Oh from the University of Canterbury studied recordings of 170 native adult speakers of 17 European and Asian languages. Each speaker read a set of standardized texts containing about 240,000 syllables(音节).The researchers found that the fastest language hit 9.1 syllables per second, and the slowest a mere 4.3. But this was cancelled out by the amount of information, measured in bits, that each syllable contained. This varied significantly, from 4.8 bits per syllable for Basque to 8.0 bits per syllable for Vietnamese. 为了更好地理解这一点，由里昂大学的克里斯托夫·库佩和坎特伯雷大学的吴尹教授领导的研究人员研究了170名母语为17种欧洲和亚洲语言的成年人的录音。每个演讲者阅读一组包含约24万个音节的标准化文本。研究人员发现， 最快的语言达到每秒达到9.1个音节，最慢的只有4.3个音节。但这被每个音节所包含的以比特表示的信息量抵消了。这一变化很大，从巴斯克语的每音节4.8比特到越南语的每音节8.0 比特。 4、The study found languages that pack a lot of information into sounds and syllables tend to be spoken more slowly, while those with a low information density(密度)are delivered more rapidly. While speech rate and information density fluctuate(波动)widely, the information rate -- the speed at which information is delivered -- stays consistently around 39.15 bits per second. 研究发现，将大量信息融入声音和音节的语言往往说得更慢，而那些信息密度低的语言传递的速度更快。虽然语音速率和信息密度波动很大，但信息速率一一信息传递的速度一-始终保持在每秒39.15比特左右。 5、The researchers say this appears to represent an optimal (最佳的) rate for giving and receiving information. Languages seem to stably inhabit an optimal range of information rates, away from the extremes that can still be available to individual speakers. Of course, not everybody speaks at the optimal information rate. We all know people who talk too quickly or slowly, and the new research may cast light on why we ... ...
