第17讲 祈使句（讲义）-2024年小升初英语复习讲练测（全国通用版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 小升初英语高频考点专题复习 第十七讲 祈使句 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。 祈使句的对象(即主语)是第二人称，也就是对“你(你们)”说的话，所以通常省略。祈使句的动词一般是动词原形，句末常使用句号或感叹号。 Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。(命令) Be quiet, please. 请安静。(请求) Be kind to the children.对孩子们要和蔼。(劝告) Watch your steps.走路小心。(警告) Look out! Danger! 小心! 危险! (强烈警告) No smoking. 禁止吸烟。(禁止) 1.肯定结构 动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分(简称为 do型) Please write down your name.请写下你的名字。 Open the window, please.请开一下窗户。 Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分(简称为be型) Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子! Be quick! 快一点! Let+宾语 +动词原形+其他成分(简称为 let 型)Let me help you.让我来帮你。 Let us go to the garden.让我们去花园。 2.否定结构 do 型句首加 don't构成 Close the door, please.(改为否定句) →Don't close the door, please. Look at me.(改为否定句) →Don't look at me. be 型也是在句首加 don't Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! Don't be sad.不要难过。 let型的否定式有两种 ①Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+其他成分 Don't let her go out. 不要让她出去。 ②Let+宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其他成分 Let her not go out.不要让她出去。 注意： ★ 祈使句最明显的特征就是动词用原形。 Let's go and play together. 让我们去玩吧。 Don't pick flowers. 不要摘花。 ★ 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。 This way, please. = Go this way, please.请这边走。 ★ 有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 1.祈使句与肯定句的转换 一般可以用“You should/must/can...”来替换。 祈使句: Sit here. 肯定句:You can sit here. 祈使句:Please do it by yourself. 肯定句:You should do it by yourself. 2.祈使句与否定句的转换 一般可以用“You shouldn't/mustn't/can't...”来替换。 祈使句:Don't put the book here. 否定句:You can't put the book here. 祈使句: No smoking! 否定句:You mustn't smoke. 注意： ★ 用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please, 那在please之 前一定要加一个逗号“, ”。 ★ 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do。 Do come in! 快进来! Do study hard.一定要努力学习。 [过关训练] 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Kitty,_____(not, be) late for school again. 2. _____(not, make) any noise! The baby is sleeping. 3. No _____(smoke) here! 4. _____(not, talk) and _____(read) aloud.5. _____(be) quiet in the library, please. 6. _____(look) out! A car is coming. 7. Let me _____(try) again. 8. _____(not, let) the baby cry. 9. Do _____(come) in, please! 10. Let's _____(say) it together. 二、选择填空。 ( ) 1. Her mother said,“John,_____ harder!” A. studying B. studies C. study ( ) 2. No _____. A. litter B. littering C. littered ( ) 3. _____! The bus is coming! A. Do care B. Care C. Be careful ( ) 4. _____ him the secret, will you A. Don't tell B. Not tell C. Not telling ( ) 5. _____ eat _____ drink too much. It's bad for your health. A. Don't; and B. Don't; but C. Don't; or ( ) 6. Kate, _____ your homework here tomorrow. A. bring B. brings C. to ... ...