（2019外研版）选修二Unit 2 Improving yourself（精讲）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 Unit Two 过去完成时的被动语态及难点分析 过去完成时的被动语态： 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。当句子的主语为谓语动词动作的承受着，并且该动作发生在过去的某一时刻或某一动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。 构成 肯定结构:主语+had been done+其他成分 否定结构:主语+had not been done+其他成分. 疑问句结构:Had+主语+been done+其他成分 By the time the teacher came in, the first experiment had been finished. 老师进来的时候,第一个实验已经完成了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came in. 老师来教室前教室还没有打扫。 Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting started 会议开始前讨论过这个新计划吗 过去完成时被动语态的用法 (1)表示从过去开始的一个动作延续到过去某一时间的 被动动作，多与for，since等引导的一段时间状语从句或者短语连用。 I told him that I hadn't got a raise for three years. I also told him that one of my co-workers quitted her job because she had not been promoted for eight years. 我告诉他我三年没有加薪,我还告诉他我的一位同事因为连续八年没有得到晋升也离职了。 (2)在told,said,knew,heard,thought,wondered 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示从句动作已经完成，用过去完成时的被动语态。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已降低了。 (3)当bythe time,before,until,when,by等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去式，或在by和before后接表示过去的时间,且主句谓语表示的动作在过去某一时间以前已经被完成,用过去完成时的被动语态。 By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. 他到学校时,第一节课已经结束了。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended 飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁 (4)在“It was the first/second/...time+that从句”句型中，当从句主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态,表示“……第几次被……”。 It was the first time that he had ever been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖。 (5)在虚拟条件句中,表示与过去事实相反，当主语是动作的承受者时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 If I had been invited there,I would have gone with you. 如果我受到邀请去那里的话，我就会和你一起去了。 (6)在“Hardly/Scarcely had..when..”和“No sooner had.. than."句型中，当主句主语是动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态,表示“-…就……”。 Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning. 前门一被打开，我们就闻到了一股烧焦的味道。 难点分析（1） with+宾语+宾补 教材例句 With the detox now finished,they've switched on their devices and they're back online. 如今,脱瘾活动已结束,他们纷纷开启电子设备，重返网络。 “with the detox now finished”为典型的 with复合结构，即“with+宾语+done(宾补)”。 “with+宾语+宾补”在句中常作状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随等。 具体形式主要有: with+宾语+现在分词(主动或正在进行) with+宾语+ 过去分词(被动或已经完成) with+宾语+动词不定式(尚未发生) with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 难点分析（2） if anything 如果有什么的话 教材例句 Andwhat,if anything, has been learnt from the experience 而他们，又从此次经历中学到了什么 if anything为状语从句的省略结构,从句常省略的成分:主语和 be动词;从句if 省略后的形式: ... ...