XB2 Unit1 science and scientists 语境背单词 Cholera is an infectious disease caused by germs. People who are infected with this disease will suffer from severe diarrhoea，dehydration and even death. As a young doctor，John Snow felt a little frustrated at first，but he was determined to defeat “ King Cholera” once and for all. There were then two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. Snow subscribed to the correct theory that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. But Snow needed proof and findings. It happened that cholera broke out in London in 1854，and Snow began to investigate. He discovered that there were multiple deaths in some households near the water pump in Broad Street. This showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame，so he had the handle of the water pump removed. Thanks to Snow’s intervention，people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. Thus，there was a substantial decrease in the threat of cholera.Furthermore，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. His thinking and concept on disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 霍乱是一种由细菌引起的传染病。感染这种疾病的人会严重 腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰 斯诺一开始感到有点沮丧，但他决心彻底击败“霍乱王”。当时有两种截然不同的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。斯诺赞同正确的理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。但斯诺需要证据和调查结果。1854 年伦敦恰巧暴发了霍乱，斯诺开始调查。他发现宽街水泵附近的一些住户有多人死亡，这说明霍乱病例与饮用水有关联。斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首，于是他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多亏了斯诺的干预，人们开始饮用纯净水而不是原水。因此，霍乱的威胁大幅 降低。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。他对疾病的思考和观念在当时是相当新颖的。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。 Doctors use microscopes to observe cells，germs， viruses or proteins in cells，while astronomers look at stars and study astronomy through telescopes. A theory may be abstract，but research work needs to have a solid，concrete or vivid theoretical framework. Besides John Snow，it is worth mentioning Qian Xuesen，the father of China’s aerospace industry. He was an outstanding， gifted and patriotic scientist. At first，he studied railway mechanical engineering. In order to defend China’s airspace，he shifted his major to aviation. While studying in the United States，Qian Xuesen was a graduate assistant，studying jet and rocket technology. After returning to China，he was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science and its space and missile programme. Under Qian’s leadership，China’s aerospace industry made steady progress and achieved initial success. Now let’s change the subject. Here is a picture of a brilliant rainbow after a heavy rain. There is a man standing over there. The rainbow casts different shadows of the man. Ab ... ...
