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课件网) 英语句子成分及基本结构 2024年高中英语教学课件★★ （一）句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）句子的具体成分 主语（subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。 一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。 大多数主语都在句首。 1 The room is very clean. （名词） 2 We often speak English . （代词） 3 Eight is my lucky number. （数词） 4 To teach them English is my job. （动词不定式） 5 Swimming is good for our health. (动名词） 6.What we need is food. （句子） 7.The poor are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容词) 找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. To talk with you is a great pleasure 3. Cleaning the house needs a lot of time. 4. They are our good friends. 5. What he said was right. 6. Eight is a lucky number in China . 谓语(predicate) 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”，“怎么样”。谓 语必须是动词，体现时态和语态，一般放在主语之后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：由情态动词+动词原形 或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 如： He can speak English. 常见情态动词： can / could 能，可以，可能 may / might 可以，可能 need 需要 must 必须，务必 will /would 表意愿 should 应该 have to 不得不 + 动词原形 作谓语 助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。 一般现在时态： does/ do 一般过去时态： did 一般将来时态： will / shall 过去将来时态： would/ should 现在完成时态： have / has 过去完成时态： had 现在进行时态：am / is / are 过去进行时态：was /were We always get up at seven. They are talking about something. He went to the park yesterday. The boy can play guitar very well. He doesn't like speaking Chinese. I have seen the film before. He didn't finish his homework last night. 找出下列句子的谓语 1. We saw them playing football. 2. Our teacher is telling us something. 3. A blind man was walking slowly. 4. Friends make my life full of excitement. 5. Recently ,we have developed the good habit. 6. We must study English very hard. 7. Our country will become stronger. 8. The train had left by 10 last night. 表语(predicative) 表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。 常见的系动词： 1. 表状态：be 2. 表感官：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 3. 表变化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, fall 4. 表持续,保持：keep,remain,stay 5. 表似乎,像：seem，appear 1 I am a teacher. （名词） 2 I am ten. （数词） 3 He became rich and successful. （形容词） 4 Everyone is here. （副词） 5 They are at home now. （ 介词短语） 6 My job is to teach them English. （不定式） 找出下列句子的表语 1. We are the master of our future. 2. The old man felt very sad. 3. Our country will become stronger 4 ... ...
