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课件网) Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and usage Review 非谓语 不定式 V-ing V-ed 作定语 作结果状语 作定语 作状语 作宾语补足语 past participle as attributives 过去分词作定语， 与所修饰的词构成被动关系。 1.不及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 有主动和完成意义。 eg. The road is covered with fallen leaves. = The road is covered with leaves that have fallen. 2.及物动词的-ed形式作定语, 一般兼有被动和完成的意义。 eg. Used cars are less expensive. = Cars that have been used are less expensive. 3.单个动词-ed形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前；动词-ed形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后。 eg. He is a respected teacher. The scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting. 过去分词与现在分词作定语，有何区别？ fallen leaves falling leaves 过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别 a developing country a developed country (发展中国家) （发达国家） fading flowers faded flowers (正在凋谢的花) （已经凋谢的花） the changing world the changed world （正在变化的世界） （变化了的世界） 现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成 情感动词的V-ing表 “令人…...” , V-ed 表 “感到…...” disappointing news disappointed people exciting story excited people 令人失望的消息 感到失望的人们 激动人心的故事 (感到)激动的人们 Practice 1.The EMS (post) yesterday will reach my brother in three days. 2.Tell the children _____ (play) outside not to make two much noise. 3.The wolf yelled in a _____ voice and Lily felt_____. (frighten) 4.This is the problem _____ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. posted playing frightening frightened discussed past participle as adverbials 过去分词作状语，表示被动或完成，其逻辑主语与主句的主语要保持一致。 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作五种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如： 作时间状语 Asked what had happen, he kept silent. = When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent. 作原因状语 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. = Because he was caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 作条件状语 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. = If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 作让步状语 Left alone at home, the little boy didn't feel afraid at all. = Although he was left alone at home, the little boy didn’t feel afraid at all. 作伴随或方式状语 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. = The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by some students. V-ed 作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+V-ed”结构，即: while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+V-ed。 1. When heated, ice will be changed into water. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. 2. Unless invited, I won't attend his wedding. Unless I am invited, I won't attend his wedding. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系；过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。 eg. He went out, _____(shut) the door behind him. 他出去 ... ...
