2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末复习：人教版（2019）选择性必修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction 被动语态学案（含答案）

选择性必修四 Unit 1语法：语法精讲精练 被动语态复习 一、被动语态语法图解 I.被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 The tree was broken by that boy. 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 II.将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的四种情况 1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： (1)间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变； (2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。 He told us a story. 他给我们讲故事。 →We were told a story by him. 我们听(他讲)故事。 →A story was told to us by him. 故事由他给我们讲。 2. 动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省略。 She will take good care of the children. 她将会好好照顾孩子们。 →The children will be taken good care of by her. 孩子们将由她来好好照顾。 3. 复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须补上。 Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday. 昨天有人看见他在湖里游泳。 →He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday. 昨天他被看见在湖里游泳。 4. 特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用“By＋疑问词”开头。 Who has broken the cup 谁打碎了杯子？ →By whom has the cup been broken 杯子被谁打碎了？ 【即学即练1】 完成句子 ①My English name is Walter. It was given by my English professor when I was at the university. 我的英文名是沃尔特，是我上大学时我的英语教授给取的。 ②Her money has been run out of and her patience is also running out. 她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。 ③I was made to cry by the moving movie. 我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。 III. 被动语态和过去分词作表语的差别 1. 意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。 The window is broken by him. 窗子被他打破了。 The window is broken. 窗子破了。 2. 用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被so, very, too等程度副词修饰；而被动语态则不能用so, very, too等修饰，需用much, very much, so much, too much等修饰。 He was very interested in science. 他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构) I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do. 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊, 不知所措。(被动语态) 【即学即练2】 判断下列句子是被动语态还是系表结构 ①I was pleased to hear you’ve been promoted.系表结构 ②He was pleased by his teacher’s praise.被动语态 ③I was quite surprised with the significance of the findings.系表结构 ④Everyone was surprised by the speed with which the dispute was settled.被动语态 IV.常见主动表被动的情况 1. 有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。 This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。 This car sells well. 这车很畅销。 2. 在某些形容词(hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible, convenient, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。 English is easy to learn. 英语很容易学。 The box is heavy to carry. 这箱子重得搬不动。 3. 在“半系动词＋形容词”结构中，如look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等，常用主动形式表被动。 The food in this restau ... ...