2024届中考语法复习动词语态知识讲解练习（含答案）

中考英语语法复习 动词语态知识讲解练习 一、定义 * 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。 * 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 * 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者； * 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 1.一般现在时： 主语 + am/is/are + 动词过去分词 Eg: The room is cleaned every day. 房间每天被打扫。 2.一般过去时： 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 Eg: The room was cleaned yesterday. 昨天房子被打扫。 3.一般将来时： 主语 + will be + 动词过去分词 Eg: The room will be cleaned tomorrow. 明天房子被打扫。 4.现在进行时： 主语 + am/is/are + being + 动词过去分词 Eg: The room is being cleaned now. 房子现在被打扫。 5.过去进行时： 主语 + was/were being + 动词过去分词 Eg: The room was being cleaned when I came in. 当我进来的时候房子正在被打扫。 6.现在完成时： 主语 + have/has been + 动词过去分词 Eg: The room has already been cleane D. 房子已经被打扫完了。 三、主动语态和被动语态的转换 * 大多数“主语--谓语--宾语”的主动句都可以转换为被动句，方法如下： 主动语态： They planted a tree. 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态： A tree was planted （by them）. * 注意： 1.当主动语态变为被动语态时，如果需要强调施动者，便可将原句的主语（即施动者）置于by短语中表示出来。 Eg:They invited me to the party. -- I was invited to the party by them. 他们邀请我去派对。 2.当主动句是“主语--谓语--宾语--宾语”结构时，有两种变化方式： Eg: My father gave me a book. -- I was gave a book by my father. A book was gave me by my father. 我爸爸给我一本书。 四、不能用被动语态的几种形式 1.open, write, read, sell, wash等词作为不及物动词时，它们的主动形式表示被动之意。 Eg: This kind of book sells well. (这种书卖得很好。） 2.当主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用被动语态。 Eg: The boy can teach himself. (这个小男孩能自学。) 3.当主动句的谓语动词表示一种状态或是不及物动词时，不用被动语态。 Eg: The coat fits her very well. (这件衣服很合她的身。） The accident happened last night. (这个事故发生在昨晚。） 五、练习 ( )1.The new movie _____ by Jacky Chen a few months ago. A.is directed B.was directed C.directed D.directs ( )2.I have a new bike.It _____ to me as a birthday gift my father. A.gives B.gave C.was giving D.was given ( ）3.A new bridge _____ in two years. A.will build B.will be built C.is built D.is building ( )4.When he went abroad, he found that many products in local shops _____ in China. A.make B.makes C.made D.were made ( )5.Lei Feng _____ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead ( )6.If I _____, I will try my best to go there. A.will be invited B.is invited C.invites D.invited ( )7.Many houses _____ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A.damaged B.were damaged C.were damaging D.are damaged ( )8.The boy _____ to play computer games before he goes to beD. A.isn’t allowed B.aren’t allowed C.doesn’t allow D.wasn’t allowed ( )9.The office is so dirty, it _____ tomorrow. A.will clean B.will be cleaned C.are cleaning D.are cleaned ( )10.Some people think trees _____ on Tree Planting Da ... ...