2024年中考英语语法复习讲义 句子成分，种类，结构

第12章 句子成分、结构和种类 组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等。 句子成分 说明 例句 主语 主语是句子中动作、行为的主体。主语由名词，代词，数词等担任。 A horse runs much faster than a cow. We should take care of our historic buildings. To drink a cup of cold juice is such hot weather is a great pleasure. *What we’ll do is leave a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be back till late. 谓语 谓语用来说明主语的行为，动作或所处的状态。谓语由动词充当。 She takes great care of her clothes. The little girl cried when he saw his toy gone. 宾语 宾语表示动作，行为的对象，有名词，代词，动名词等担任。 I will go to see an exhibition this weekend. I try to avoid going shopping on Saturday. I will get the computer repaired tomorrow. 表语 表语用来说明主语的特征，属性，状态等。表语通常由名词，代词，形容词，副词等充当。 My new roommate is an American boy. My work is to clean the room every day. The machine is out of date. 定语 定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。它常和名词一起构成名词短语。定语有前置定语和后置定语。 How often do you run your washing machine Jenny sat on the stone step in front of the house. The model plane flying in the sky is made by him The book on the desk is mine. 状语 状语常用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，或整个句子。状语常由副词，介词短语，不定式，分词短语，从句等担当。 I will meet her at the airport at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. The old building are pulled down because a new road will be built. 补语 补足主语意义的句子成分是主语补足语，补足宾语意义的句子成分是宾语补足语。 The singer was seen to enter a cafe. We must keep the classroom clean. He was made to stay at home by his mother. 同位语 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分即同位语。 We Chinese are proud of our history. They two wanted to go with us, too. 英语句子按照结构可分为简单句，并列句和复合句。 一．简单句 只有一个主语 (或并列主语) 和一个谓语 (或并列谓语) 的句子叫作简单句。简单句有 5种基本句型。 基本句型一：S+V (主 + 谓) They walked and laughed. 基本句型二：S+V+P (主 + 系 + 表) That pie looks good. He became a famous doctor. 基本句型三：S+V+O (主 + 谓 + 宾) Her father studies history. 基本句型四：S+V+O+O (主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾) They offered me a very good job. I will send a copy to you. 基本句型五：S+V+O+P (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补) He made his younger brother happy. Mun asked me to lay the table for the dinner. 二．并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词或分号连接而成的句子叫作并列句。 He has a lot of money but he doesn’t have many friend. Tom knocked at the door and it opened. 复合句 由一个主句和一个或者多个从句构成的句子叫作复合句。 I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health. Parents shouldn’t give their children whatever they want. 英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 一．陈述句 陈述句用来陈述事实或看法，一般用降调，句末用“.”。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。 肯定句 I understood the sentence. 否定句 ... ...