中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 专题一 字母和语音 知识点1 音素概念及分类 音素：最小的语音单位。音素是声音，不是任何一种书写的形式；有48个音素，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。 知识点2 音标分类 音标: 是记录音素的符号。为了将音标与字母区分，常把音标放在[ ]或//里。 元音: 发音时声带振动，口腔中气流不受阻碍。共20个元音。可分为 单元音：[i:] [ ] [e] [ ] [ :] [ ] [ :] [ ] [ɑ:] [ ] [u:] [ ] 双元音：[a ] [ ] [e ] [a ] [ ] [ ] [e ] [ ] 辅音: 不论声带是否振动，口腔或鼻腔中气流受到阻碍。共28个辅音。 英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ ] [t ] [tr] [ts] [h] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [d ] [dr] [dz] [m] [n] [ ] [r] [l] [w] [j] 知识点3 字母或者字母组合在单词中的发音 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 字母 读音 例词 a 开音节中[e ] name plane Jane baby cake 闭音节中[ ] bag dad hat map black back e 开音节中 [i :] he these me Chinese 闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes i 开音节中 [ɑ ] bike drive time nice kite 闭音节中 [ ] fish big drink sit milk swim o 开音节中 [ u] those close go home no 闭音节中 [D] clock not box shop sock u 开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch 二、元音字母组合的发音规律 元音字母组合 发音 例词 ai /e / wait e-mail au / :/ Autumn August daughter ea /i:/ /e/ /e / meat, bread, great ee /i:/ bee ei /e / weight ia / / media ie /a / /i:/ /a / pie piece diet oa / / boat coat oi / / oil noise oo /u:/ / / / / room blood foot ou /a // / /u:/ touch house soup ue /u:/ /ju:/ / / blue Tuesday Fluently influence ui /ju:/ /u:/ fruit suit 三、单元音字母的re音节发音规律 -re音节 发音 例子 are /e / /ɑ:/ fare, glare,are ere / / /e / here, there ire /a / fire, hire ore / :/ store, shore ure /j / sure, pure 四、双元音字母的r音节发音规律。 双元音字母的r音节 字母组合 发音 例子 air /e / hair, air eer / / cheer, beer ear / //e // :/ dear, bear, learn oor / // :/ poor, door our /a // :/ our, four 五、辅音字母的发音规律 字母组 读 音 例 词 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c [k] cake picture coat music 在 e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [∫] machine -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [d ] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast -ds [dz] stands floods goods g [g] bag garden go 在e、i、y前 [d ] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu-、-gue 在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue [gw] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [d ] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column n [n] not shine ten note 在[k]/ [g]音前 [ ] uncle thank hungry -ng [ ] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s 在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband sc- [sk] Scarlet school [s] muscle science sh [∫] sh ... ...
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